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[[Microsoft Windows]] is a family of operating systems developed by [[Microsoft]]. It currently uses the [[File Explorer|File Explorer]] shell.
'''Microsoft Windows''' is a family of operating systems developed by [[Microsoft]] since 1983. It currently uses the [[Windows Explorer]] shell. The latest release is [[Windows 11]].
 
== History ==
=== Early Windows ===
==== The hype of 1983 ====
In the early 80s, Microsoft gained popularity for its applications like Word for DOS. But Microsoft was working in something to compete against the Macintosh's friendly user interface.
At COMDEX 1983 in November, Microsoft demonstrated a new upcoming product, "Microsoft Windows", running on a personal computer with monochrome graphics, and with
various applications running alongside each other in "windows". They really hyped people about it, promising it as the software of the future that will be installed on every PC.
 
==== A hard market ====
After the hype of 1983, they released their product under the name of Windows. Unfortunately it didn't get the success they expected, mostly because it wasn't exactly what was promised to the people. But despite this, Windows found its niche place in the market alongside other shell programs.
 
==== Getting shaped ====
After the excessive hype and a regular market success, Microsoft launched [[Windows 2.x|Windows 2.0]] in 1987. This version got significant improvements over its predecessor. Examples of this are overlapping windows and Expanded Memory Support (EMS).
 
=== Windows in the 90s ===
==== Popularity increases ====
After Windows 2.x, Microsoft decided to release a new version of Windows, [[Windows 3.x#Windows 3.0|Windows 3.0]]. This version was finally getting a significant user market, making [[Microsoft]] a serious player in the software industry.
 
==== Windows NT ====
After Microsoft broke its partnership with IBM, they began development of their new own OS. They initially called it NT OS/2, NT standing for New Technologies, while they kept OS/2 in the name due to being based on OS/2. Later, to avoid any copyright issues, they simply called it NT. Some of the goals of this OS were stability, security and portability, last one is a reason why it was heavy compared to their already existing Windows OS (It was programmed in C instead of assembly, thus making it portable yet heavier).
 
==== Windows 9x ====
These were the consumer versions of Windows released in the 90's. These were known for still being based on [[MS-DOS|DOS]]. The first was [[Windows 95]], which gave its massive success to Microsoft. This release gained popularity and it was becoming a defacto standard on many PCs. Here's where Windows started to really grow, practically monopolizing the market. This lead to a lawsuit in the late 90s/early 2000.
 
== Versions ==  
== Versions ==  
<table class="wikitable">
<table class="wikitable" style="width:100%">
<th colspan="7"><h3>16-bit MS-DOS-based operating systems</h3></th>
<tr>
<th>Trade name</th>
<th>Version</th>
<th>Codename / Preliminary name</th>
<th colspan="3">Additional information</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows 1.0]]</td>
<td>1.0x</td>
<td>''Interface Manager''</td>
<td colspan="3">First release of Windows</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows 2.x]]</td>
<td>2.x</td>
<td>''Windows 1.5''</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows 3.x]]</td>
<td>3.x</td>
<td>Sparta, Snowball</td>
<td colspan="3">Introduced the Program Manager</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>


    <th colspan="4"><h3>16-bit MS-DOS-based Operating Systems</h3></th>
<th colspan="7"><h3>16/32-bit hybrid operating systems (monolithic) (on DOS foundation)</h3></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Trade name</th>
<th>Version</th>
<th>Codename / Preliminary name</th>
<th colspan="3">Additional information</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows 95]]</td>
<td>4.0</td>
<td>Chicago</td>
<td colspan="3">Introduced the Start menu</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows Nashville|Windows ''Nashville'']]</td>
<td>4.1</td>
<td>Nashville</td>
<td colspan="3">Only one build available, canceled release</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows 98]]</td>
<td>4.1</td>
<td>Memphis</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows ME|Windows Me]]</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td>Millennium</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="7"><h3>NT-based operating systems</h3></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Trade name</th>
<th>Version</th>
<th>Codename / Preliminary name</th>
<th colspan="3">Additional information</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows NT 3.1]]</td>
<td>NT 3.1</td>
<td>NT OS/2</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows NT 3.5x]]</td>
<td>NT 3.5x</td>
<td>Daytona</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Microsoft Cairo]]</td>
<td rowspan="2">NT 4.0</td>
<td>Cairo</td>
<td colspan="3">Canceled release</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows NT 4.0]]</td>
<td>Shell Update Release</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows 2000]]</td>
<td>NT 5.0</td>
<td>Memphis NT, ''NT 5.0''</td>
<td colspan="3">Although the IA-64 release had the codename "Janus", the original release didn't have a codename and was simply called as "NT 5.0" before build 1946</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows Neptune|Windows ''Neptune'']]</td>
<td>NT 5.5</td>
<td>Neptune</td>
<td colspan="3">Only one build available, canceled release</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows Triton|Windows ''Triton'']]</td>
<td></td>
<td>Triton</td>
<td colspan="3">Canceled release</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th>Trade name</th>
<td>[[Windows Odyssey|Windows ''Odyssey'']]</td>
    <th>Version</th>
<td></td>
    <th>Codename</th>
<td>Odyssey</td>
    <th>Additional information</th>
<td colspan="3">Canceled release</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:1|Windows 1.x]]</td>
<td>[[Windows XP]]</td>
    <td>1.0x</td>
<td rowspan="3">NT 5.1</td>
    <td>Interface Manager</td>
<td>Whistler</td>
    <td>First version of Windows</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:2|Windows 2.x]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs]]</td>
    <td>2.xx</td>
<td>Eiger, Monch</td>
    <td>Unknown</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:3|Windows 3.x]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Embedded 2009]]</td>
    <td>3.x</td>
<td>Quebec</td>
    <td>Snowball</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td>Older versions: Janus (3.1), Kato/Sparta (WfW 3.1)</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th colspan="4"><h3>16/32-bit hybrid Operating Systems (Monolithic) (on DOS Foundation)</h3></th>
<td>[[Windows Server 2003]]</td>
<td rowspan="2">NT 5.2</td>
<td>.NET Server</td>
<td colspan="3">Previous codenames: "Whistler Server"</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th>Trade name</th>
<td>[[Windows Home Server]]</td>
    <th>Version</th>
<td>Quattro</td>
    <th>Codename</th>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <th>Additional information</th>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:95|Windows 95]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Longhorn|Windows ''Longhorn'']]</td>
    <td>4.0</td>
<td rowspan="5">NT 6.0</td>
    <td>Chicago</td>
<td>Longhorn</td>
    <td>Start Menu introduced.</td>
<td colspan="3">Pre-reset builds only, later became Windows Vista</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Nashville|Windows "Nashville"]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Vista]]</td>
    <td>4.1</td>
<td>Longhorn Omega-13</td>
    <td>Nashville</td>
<td colspan="3">Post-reset, from .NET Server RC1 to 2003 SP1 RC</td>
    <td>1 build leaked, Not released</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:98|Windows 98]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Server 2008]]</td>
    <td>4.1</td>
<td>Longhorn Server</td>
    <td>Memphis</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:ME|Windows Me]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Small Business Server 2008]]</td>
    <td>4.9</td>
<td>Cougar</td>
    <td>Millenium</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th colspan="4"><h3>NT-based Operating Systems</h3></th>
<td>[[Windows Essential Business Server 2008]]</td>
<td>Centro</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th>Trade name</th>
<td>[[Windows Blackcomb|Windows ''Blackcomb'']]</td>
    <th>Version</th>
<td></td>
    <th>Codename</th>
<td>Blackcomb</td>
    <th>Additional information</th>
<td colspan="3">Originally a major update to Longhorn, canceled release</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:NT 3.1|Windows NT 3.1]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 7]]</td>
    <td>3.1</td>
<td rowspan="9">NT 6.1</td>
    <td>NT OS/2</td>
<td>'7'</td>
    <td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:NT 3.5x|Windows NT 3.5x]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Server 2008 R2]]</td>
    <td>3.5x</td>
<td>Server '7'</td>
    <td>Daytona</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:NT 4.00|Windows NT 4.0]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Embedded 7]]</td>
    <td>4.0</td>
<td>Quebec</td>
    <td>Cairo</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:2000|Windows 2000]]</td>
<td>[[Windows MultiPoint Server 2010]]</td>
    <td>5.0</td>
<td>Solution Server</td>
    <td>NT 5.0</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td>Also known as Memphis NT</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Neptune|Windows "Neptune"]]</td>
<td>[[Windows MultiPoint Server 2011]]</td>
    <td>5.5</td>
<td>WMS 2</td>
    <td>Neptune</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td>1 build leaked, Not released</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Triton|Windows "Triton"]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Small Business Server 2011]]</td>
    <td>(?)</td>
<td>SBS 7</td>
    <td>Triton</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td>Not released</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Odyssey|Windows "Odyssey"]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials]]</td>
    <td>6.0(?)</td>
<td>Aurora</td>
    <td>Odyssey</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td>Not released</td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:XP|Windows XP]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Home Server 2011]]</td>
    <td>5.1</td>
<td>Vail</td>
    <td>Whistler</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Fundamentals for Legacy PC's|Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PC's]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Thin PC]]</td>
    <td>5.1</td>
<td>Thin PC</td>
    <td>Eiger, Monch</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td></td>
<td>✔</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:XP|Windows XP x64]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 8]]</td>
    <td>5.2</td>
<td rowspan="4">NT 6.2</td>
    <td>Anvil</td>
<td>'8'</td>
    <td>Based on Server 2003</td>
<td colspan="3">The Start menu has been replaced with the Start screen</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Server 2003|Windows Server 2003]]</td>
<td>[[Windows RT]]</td>
    <td>5.2</td>
<td>Windows on ARM</td>
    <td>.NET Server</td>
<td colspan="3">Available to Microsoft partners only</td>
    <td>Previous Codenames&#160;: "Whistler Server"</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Home Server|Windows Home Server]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Server 2012]]</td>
    <td>5.2</td>
<td>Server '8'</td>
    <td>Quattro</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Longhorn|Windows "Longhorn"]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Embedded 8]]</td>
    <td>6.0</td>
<td>N/A</td>
    <td>Longhorn</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td>Pre-reset builds, re-named to Windows Vista</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Vista|Windows Vista]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 8.1]]</td>
    <td>6.0</td>
<td rowspan="4">NT 6.3</td>
    <td>Longhorn</td>
<td rowspan="2">Blue</td>
    <td>Code Reset, .NET Server RC1 &gt; 2003 SP1 RC</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Server 2008|Windows Server 2008]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Server 2012 R2]]</td>
    <td>6.0</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td>Longhorn Server</td>
<td></td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Small Business Server 2008|Windows Small Business Server 2008]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Embedded 8.1]]</td>
    <td>6.0</td>
<td rowspan="2">N/A</td>
    <td>Cougar</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Essential Business Server 2008|Windows Essential Business Server 2008]]</td>
<td>[[Windows RT 8.1]]</td>
    <td>6.0</td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
    <td>Centro</td>
<td></td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Embedded 2009|Windows Embedded 2009]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10]]</td>
    <td>5.1</td>
<td>NT 10.0</td>
    <td>Quebec</td>
<td>Threshold</td>
    <td></td>
<td colspan="3"></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:7|Windows 7]]</td>
<th colspan="7"><h3>Windows 10 operating systems (NT 10.0)</h3></th>
    <td>6.1</td>
    <td>7</td>
    <td>Previous codenames: "Blackcomb", "Vienna"</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Server 2008 R2|Windows Server 2008 R2]]</td>
<th>Trade name</th>
    <td>6.1</td>
<th>Version</th>
    <td>Server 7</td>
<th>Codename / Preliminary name</th>
    <td></td>
<th>Update name</th>
<th>Build lab</th>
<th>Development status</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Embedded 7|Windows Embedded 7]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 TH2]]</td>
    <td>6.1</td>
<td>v1511</td>
    <td>Quebec</td>
<td>Threshold 2</td>
    <td></td>
<td>November Update</td>
<td>th2_release</td>
<td>Released, no longer supported</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Multipoint Server 2010|Windows Multipoint Server 2010]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 RS1]]</td>
    <td>1.0</td>
<td>v1607</td>
    <td>Solution Server</td>
<td>Redstone 1</td>
    <td></td>
<td>Anniversary Update</td>
<td>rs1_release</td>
<td>Released, the support for LTSB edition ends on 13 October 2026</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Multipoint Server 2011|Windows Multipoint Server 2011]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 RS2]]</td>
    <td>6.1</td>
<td>v1703</td>
    <td>WMS 2</td>
<td>Redstone 2</td>
    <td></td>
<td>Creators Update</td>
<td>rs2_release</td>
<td>Released, no longer supported</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Small Business Server 2011 Standard|Windows Small Business Server 2011]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 RS3]]</td>
    <td>6.1</td>
<td>v1709</td>
    <td>SBS 7</td>
<td>Redstone 3</td>
    <td></td>
<td>Fall Creators Update</td>
<td>rs3_release</td>
<td>Released, no longer supported</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Small Business Server 2011 Essentials|Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 RS4]]</td>
    <td>6.1</td>
<td>v1803</td>
    <td>Aurora</td>
<td>Redstone 4</td>
    <td></td>
<td>April 2018 Update</td>
<td>rs4_release</td>
<td>Released, no longer supported; The Enterprise and Education SKUs of this version had the longest support of Windows 10 Redstone Versions(3 years and 11 days)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Home Server 2011|Windows Home Server 2011]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 RS5]]</td>
    <td>6.1</td>
<td>v1809</td>
    <td>Vail</td>
<td>Redstone 5</td>
    <td></td>
<td>October 2018 Update</td>
<td>rs5_release</td>
<td>Released, the support for LTSC edition ends on 9 January 2029 </td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Thin PC|Windows Thin PC]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 19H1]]</td>
    <td>6.1</td>
<td rowspan="2">v1903</td>
    <td>Unknown</td>
<td rowspan="2">19H1</td>
    <td></td>
<td>May 2019 Update</td>
<td rowspan="4">19h1_release</td>
<td>Released, no longer supported</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:8|Windows 8]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Server, version 19H1]]</td>
    <td>6.2</td>
<td></td>
    <td>8</td>
<td>Released, Semi-Annual Channel release; no longer supported</td>
    <td>Start menu removed, replaced with start screen</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:RT|Windows RT]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 19H2]]</td>
    <td>6.2</td>
<td rowspan="2">v1909</td>
    <td>Windows on ARM</td>
<td rowspan="2">19H2, Vanadium</td>
    <td>Only available to Microsoft partners.</td>
<td>November 2019 Update</td>
<td>Released, no longer supported</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Server 2012|Windows Server 2012]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Server, version 19H2]]</td>
    <td>6.2</td>
<td></td>
    <td>Server 8</td>
<td>Released, Semi-Annual Channel release; no longer supported</td>
    <td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:8.1|Windows 8.1]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 20H1]]</td>
    <td>6.3</td>
<td rowspan="2">v2004</td>
    <td>Blue</td>
<td rowspan="2">20H1, Vibranium</td>
    <td></td>
<td>May 2020 Update</td>
<td rowspan="6">vb_release</td>
<td>Released, no longer supported</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:RT:8.1|Windows RT 8.1]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Server, version 20H1]]</td>
    <td>6.3</td>
<td></td>
    <td>Unknown</td>
<td>Released, Semi-Annual Channel release; no longer supported</td>
    <td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Server 2012 R2|Windows Server 2012 R2]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 20H2]]</td>
    <td>6.3</td>
<td rowspan="2">v20H2</td>
    <td>Server 'Blue'</td>
<td rowspan="2">20H2</td>
    <td></td>
<td>October 2020 Update</td>
<td>Released</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<td>[[Windows Server, version 20H2]]</td>
<td></td>
<td>Released, Semi-Annual Channel release</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows:Server:2016|Windows Server 2016]]
<td>[[Windows 10 21H1]]</td>
<td>10.0</td>
<td>v21H1</td>
<td>Threshold Server</td>
<td>21H1</td>
<td>Currently in development</td>
<td>May 2021 Update</td>
<td>Released</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:10|Windows 10]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 10 21H2]]</td>
    <td>10.0</td>
<td>v21H2</td>
    <td>Threshold (TH1)</td>
<td>21H2</td>
    <td></td>
<td>November 2021 Update</td>
<td>Released</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:10:TH2|Windows 10 TH2]]</td>
<th colspan="7"><h3>Windows 10 development cycles (NT 10.0)</h3></th>
    <td>10.0</td>
    <td>Threshold 2 (TH2)</td>
    <td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:10:RS1|Windows 10 RS1]]</td>
<th>Trade name</th>
    <td>10.0</td>
<th>Version</th>
    <td>Redstone 1 (RS1)</td>
<th>Codename / Preliminary name</th>
    <td>Currently in development</td>
<th>Update name</th>
<th>Build lab</th>
<th>Development status</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="4"><h3>Windows CE</h3></th>
<td>''[[Windows 10 Manganese|Manganese]]''</td>
<td>v20H2</td>
<td>Manganese</td>
<td rowspan="2">N/A</td>
<td>mn_release</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th>Trade name</th>
<td>''[[Windows 10 Iron|Iron]]''</td>
    <th>Version</th>
<td>v21H1</td>
    <th>Codename</th>
<td>Iron</td>
    <th>Additional information</th>
<td>rs_prerelease; fe_release</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:CE:1.0|Windows CE 1.0]]</td>
<td>''[[Windows 10 Cobalt|Cobalt]]''</td>
    <td>1.0</td>
<td>v21H2</td>
    <td>Pegasus/Alder</td>
<td>Cobalt</td>
    <td>First release. Unsupported as of December 31, 2001</td>
<td>[[Windows 11]]</td>
<td>rs_prerelease; co_release</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:CE:2.0|Windows CE 2.0]]</td>
<th colspan="7"><h3>Windows 11 operating systems (NT 10.0)</h3></th>
    <td>2.0</td>
    <td>Birch</td>
    <td>Unsupported as of September 30, 2002</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:CE:3.0|Windows CE 3.0]]</td>
<th>Trade name</th>
    <td>3.0</td>
<th>Version</th>
    <td>Cedar/Galileo</td>
<th>Codename / Preliminary name</th>
    <td>Unsupported as of October 9, 2007</td>
<th>Update name</th>
<th>Build lab</th>
<th>Development status</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:CE:4.X|Windows CE 4.X]]</td>
<td>[[Windows 11]]</td>
    <td>4.x</td>
<td>v21H2</td>
    <td>Talisker/Jameson/McKendrick</td>
<td>Sun Valley</td>
    <td>Unsupported as of July 10, 2012</td>
<td>Windows 11</td>
<td>co_release</td>
<td>Released</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:CE:5.X|Windows CE 5.X]]</td>
<td>''[[Windows 11 Nickel|Windows 11 22H2]]''</td>
    <td>5.x</td>
<td>v22H2</td>
    <td>Macallan</td>
<td>Nickel</td>
    <td>Unsupported as of October 14, 2014</td>
<td>2022 Update</td>
<td>ni_release</td>
<td>Released</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<td>''[[Windows Server 2022, version 22H2]]''</td>
<td>v22H2</td>
<td>Copper</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>rs_prerelease</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:CE:6.X|Windows CE 6.X]]</td>
<th colspan="7"><h3>Windows CE</h3></th>
    <td>6.x</td>
    <td>Yamazaki</td>
    <td>Supported until April 10, 2018</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<th colspan="4"><h3>Windows Pocket PC</h3></th>
<tr>
<th>Trade name</th>
<th>Version</th>
<th>Codename</th>
<th colspan="3">Additional information</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th>Trade name</th>
<td>[[Windows CE 1.0]]</td>
    <th>Version</th>
<td>1.0</td>
    <th>Codename</th>
<td>Pegasus, Alder</td>
    <th>Additional information</th>
<td colspan="3">First release. Unsupported as of December 31, 2001</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:PocketPC:2000|Windows Mobile 2000]]</td>
<td>[[Windows CE 2.0]]</td>
    <td>2.X</td>
<td>2.0</td>
    <td>Rapier</td>
<td>Birch</td>
    <td>Based on Windows CE 3.0</td>
<td colspan="3">Unsupported as of September 30, 2002</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:PocketPC:2002|Windows PocketPC 2002]]</td>
<td>[[Windows CE 3.0]]</td>
    <td>3.X</td>
<td>3.0</td>
    <td>Merlin</td>
<td>Cedar, Galileo</td>
    <td>Based on Windows CE 3.0</td>
<td colspan="3">Unsupported as of October 9, 2007</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="4"><h3>Windows Mobile</h3></th>
<td>[[Windows CE 4.x]]</td>
<td>4.x</td>
<td>Talisker, Jameson, McKendrick</td>
<td colspan="3">Unsupported as of July 10, 2012</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th>Trade name</th>
<td>[[Windows CE 5.x]]</td>
    <th>Version</th>
<td>5.x</td>
    <th>Codename</th>
<td>Macallan</td>
    <th>Additional information</th>
<td colspan="3">Unsupported as of October 14, 2014</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Mobile:2003|Windows Mobile 2003]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Embedded CE 6.0]]</td>
    <td>4.X</td>
<td>6.x</td>
    <td>Ozone</td>
<td>Yamazaki</td>
    <td>Based on Windows CE 4.20</td>
<td colspan="3">Unsupported as of April 10, 2018</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Mobile:5|Windows Mobile 5]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Embedded Compact 7]]</td>
    <td>5.X</td>
<td>7.0</td>
    <td>Magneto</td>
<td>Chelan</td>
    <td>Based on Windows CE 4.60</td>
<td colspan="3">Unsupported as of April 13, 2021</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Mobile:6|Windows Mobile 6]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Embedded Compact 2013]]</td>
    <td>6.X</td>
<td>8.0</td>
    <td>Crossbow</td>
<td></td>
    <td>Based on Windows CE 5.10</td>
<td colspan="3">Unsupported as of October 10, 2023</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th colspan="4"><h3>Windows Phone</h3></th>
<th colspan="7"><h3>Windows Pocket PC</h3></th>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <th>Trade name</th>
<th>Trade name</th>
    <th>Version</th>
<th>Version</th>
    <th>Codename</th>
<th>Codename</th>
    <th>Additional information</th>
<th colspan="3">Additional information</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Phone:7|Windows Phone 7]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Pocket PC 2000|Windows Pocket PC 2000]]</td>
    <td>7.0</td>
<td>2.x</td>
    <td>Windows Phone 7</td>
<td>Rapier</td>
    <td>Unsupported since October 14, 2014, last version based on Windows CE</td>
<td colspan="3">Based on Windows CE 3.0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Phone:7.5|Windows Phone 7.5]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Pocket PC 2002|Windows Pocket PC 2002]]</td>
    <td>7.5</td>
<td>3.x</td>
    <td>Mango</td>
<td>Merlin</td>
    <td>First major update to Windows Phone 7</td>
<td colspan="3">Based on Windows CE 3.0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Phone:7.8|Windows Phone 7.8]]</td>
<th colspan="7"><h3>Windows Mobile</h3></th>
    <td>7.8</td>
    <td>?</td>
    <td>The last major update to Windows Phone 7</td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Phone:8|Windows Phone 8]]</td>
<th>Trade name</th>
    <td>8.0</td>
<th>Version</th>
    <td>Windows Phone 8, Portico (GDR1), Blue (8.1) </td>
<th>Codename</th>
    <td>First version to use the NT kernel</td>
<th colspan="3">Additional information</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:Phone:8.1|Windows Phone 8.1]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Mobile 2003]]</td>
    <td>8.1</td>
<td>4.x</td>
    <td>Blue</td>
<td>Ozone</td>
    <td>First major update to Windows Phone 8</td>
<td colspan="3">Based on Windows CE 4.20</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
    <td>[[Windows:10:Mobile|Windows 10 Mobile]]</td>
<td>[[Windows Mobile 5]]</td>
    <td>10.0</td>
<td>5.x</td>
    <td>Windows 10 Mobile</td>
<td>Magneto</td>
    <td>First version to run the same Windows OS as small tablets and PC</td>
<td colspan="3">Based on Windows CE 4.60. Unsupported as of October 13, 2015</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows Mobile 6]]</td>
<td>6.x</td>
<td>Crossbow</td>
<td colspan="3">Based on Windows CE 5.10</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="7"><h3>Windows Phone</h3></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Trade name</th>
<th>Version</th>
<th>Codename</th>
<th colspan="3">Additional information</th>
<th>Available on BA FTP?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows Phone 7]]</td>
<td>7.0</td>
<td>Windows Phone 7</td>
<td colspan="3">Unsupported since October 14, 2014, last version based on Windows CE</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows Phone 7.5]]</td>
<td>7.5</td>
<td>Mango / Tango</td>
<td colspan="3">First major update to Windows Phone 7</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows Phone 7.8]]</td>
<td>7.8</td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="3">The last major update to Windows Phone 7</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows Phone 8]]</td>
<td>8.0</td>
<td>Windows Phone 8, Portico (GDR1), Blue (8.1) </td>
<td colspan="3">First version to use the NT kernel</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows Phone 8.1]]</td>
<td>8.1</td>
<td>Blue</td>
<td colspan="3">First major update to Windows Phone 8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[Windows 10 Mobile]]</td>
<td>10.0</td>
<td>Windows 10 Mobile</td>
<td colspan="3">First version to run the same Windows OS as small tablets and PC. No longer in active development.</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</table>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Windows Explorer|Windows Explorer]]
* [[BOOT.INI]]
* [[Windows Source Code]]
* [[Desktop Composition Engine|Desktop Composition Engine (Longhorn)]]
* [[Desktop Window Manager]]
* [[MS-DOS]]
* [[MS-DOS]]
* [[Windows Crash Screens]]
* [[Windows/Visual Styles|Visual Styles]]
* [[Windows:Visual_Styles|Visual Styles]]
* [[Windows crash screens]]
* [[Windows.Sidebar|Windows Sidebar]]
* [[Windows Explorer]]
* [[Desktop Composition Engine|Desktop Composition Engine (Longhorn)]]
* [[Windows Sidebar]]
* [[Desktop Window Manager|Desktop Window Manager]]
* [[Windows source code]]
* [[Windows 10X]]
* [[Windows Core OS]]
* [[WinFS|WinFS (Windows Future Storage)]]
* [[WinFS|WinFS (Windows Future Storage)]]
* [[UX.Unleaked|UX Unleaked]]


[[Category:Operating Systems]][[Category:Shells]]
[[Category:Operating Systems]]

Latest revision as of 07:10, 17 December 2023

Microsoft Windows is a family of operating systems developed by Microsoft since 1983. It currently uses the Windows Explorer shell. The latest release is Windows 11.

History

Early Windows

The hype of 1983

In the early 80s, Microsoft gained popularity for its applications like Word for DOS. But Microsoft was working in something to compete against the Macintosh's friendly user interface. At COMDEX 1983 in November, Microsoft demonstrated a new upcoming product, "Microsoft Windows", running on a personal computer with monochrome graphics, and with various applications running alongside each other in "windows". They really hyped people about it, promising it as the software of the future that will be installed on every PC.

A hard market

After the hype of 1983, they released their product under the name of Windows. Unfortunately it didn't get the success they expected, mostly because it wasn't exactly what was promised to the people. But despite this, Windows found its niche place in the market alongside other shell programs.

Getting shaped

After the excessive hype and a regular market success, Microsoft launched Windows 2.0 in 1987. This version got significant improvements over its predecessor. Examples of this are overlapping windows and Expanded Memory Support (EMS).

Windows in the 90s

Popularity increases

After Windows 2.x, Microsoft decided to release a new version of Windows, Windows 3.0. This version was finally getting a significant user market, making Microsoft a serious player in the software industry.

Windows NT

After Microsoft broke its partnership with IBM, they began development of their new own OS. They initially called it NT OS/2, NT standing for New Technologies, while they kept OS/2 in the name due to being based on OS/2. Later, to avoid any copyright issues, they simply called it NT. Some of the goals of this OS were stability, security and portability, last one is a reason why it was heavy compared to their already existing Windows OS (It was programmed in C instead of assembly, thus making it portable yet heavier).

Windows 9x

These were the consumer versions of Windows released in the 90's. These were known for still being based on DOS. The first was Windows 95, which gave its massive success to Microsoft. This release gained popularity and it was becoming a defacto standard on many PCs. Here's where Windows started to really grow, practically monopolizing the market. This lead to a lawsuit in the late 90s/early 2000.

Versions

16-bit MS-DOS-based operating systems
Trade name Version Codename / Preliminary name Additional information Available on BA FTP?
Windows 1.0 1.0x Interface Manager First release of Windows ✔
Windows 2.x 2.x Windows 1.5 ✔
Windows 3.x 3.x Sparta, Snowball Introduced the Program Manager ✔

16/32-bit hybrid operating systems (monolithic) (on DOS foundation)
Trade name Version Codename / Preliminary name Additional information Available on BA FTP?
Windows 95 4.0 Chicago Introduced the Start menu ✔
Windows Nashville 4.1 Nashville Only one build available, canceled release ✔
Windows 98 4.1 Memphis ✔
Windows Me 4.9 Millennium ✔

NT-based operating systems
Trade name Version Codename / Preliminary name Additional information Available on BA FTP?
Windows NT 3.1 NT 3.1 NT OS/2 ✔
Windows NT 3.5x NT 3.5x Daytona ✔
Microsoft Cairo NT 4.0 Cairo Canceled release ✔
Windows NT 4.0 Shell Update Release ✔
Windows 2000 NT 5.0 Memphis NT, NT 5.0 Although the IA-64 release had the codename "Janus", the original release didn't have a codename and was simply called as "NT 5.0" before build 1946 ✔
Windows Neptune NT 5.5 Neptune Only one build available, canceled release ✔
Windows Triton Triton Canceled release
Windows Odyssey Odyssey Canceled release
Windows XP NT 5.1 Whistler ✔
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs Eiger, Monch
Windows Embedded 2009 Quebec ✔
Windows Server 2003 NT 5.2 .NET Server Previous codenames: "Whistler Server" ✔
Windows Home Server Quattro ✔
Windows Longhorn NT 6.0 Longhorn Pre-reset builds only, later became Windows Vista ✔
Windows Vista Longhorn Omega-13 Post-reset, from .NET Server RC1 to 2003 SP1 RC ✔
Windows Server 2008 Longhorn Server ✔
Windows Small Business Server 2008 Cougar ✔
Windows Essential Business Server 2008 Centro ✔
Windows Blackcomb Blackcomb Originally a major update to Longhorn, canceled release
Windows 7 NT 6.1 '7' ✔
Windows Server 2008 R2 Server '7' ✔
Windows Embedded 7 Quebec ✔
Windows MultiPoint Server 2010 Solution Server ✔
Windows MultiPoint Server 2011 WMS 2 ✔
Windows Small Business Server 2011 SBS 7 ✔
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials Aurora ✔
Windows Home Server 2011 Vail ✔
Windows Thin PC Thin PC ✔
Windows 8 NT 6.2 '8' The Start menu has been replaced with the Start screen
Windows RT Windows on ARM Available to Microsoft partners only
Windows Server 2012 Server '8'
Windows Embedded 8 N/A
Windows 8.1 NT 6.3 Blue
Windows Server 2012 R2
Windows Embedded 8.1 N/A
Windows RT 8.1
Windows 10 NT 10.0 Threshold

Windows 10 operating systems (NT 10.0)
Trade name Version Codename / Preliminary name Update name Build lab Development status Available on BA FTP?
Windows 10 TH2 v1511 Threshold 2 November Update th2_release Released, no longer supported
Windows 10 RS1 v1607 Redstone 1 Anniversary Update rs1_release Released, the support for LTSB edition ends on 13 October 2026
Windows 10 RS2 v1703 Redstone 2 Creators Update rs2_release Released, no longer supported
Windows 10 RS3 v1709 Redstone 3 Fall Creators Update rs3_release Released, no longer supported
Windows 10 RS4 v1803 Redstone 4 April 2018 Update rs4_release Released, no longer supported; The Enterprise and Education SKUs of this version had the longest support of Windows 10 Redstone Versions(3 years and 11 days)
Windows 10 RS5 v1809 Redstone 5 October 2018 Update rs5_release Released, the support for LTSC edition ends on 9 January 2029
Windows 10 19H1 v1903 19H1 May 2019 Update 19h1_release Released, no longer supported
Windows Server, version 19H1 Released, Semi-Annual Channel release; no longer supported
Windows 10 19H2 v1909 19H2, Vanadium November 2019 Update Released, no longer supported
Windows Server, version 19H2 Released, Semi-Annual Channel release; no longer supported
Windows 10 20H1 v2004 20H1, Vibranium May 2020 Update vb_release Released, no longer supported
Windows Server, version 20H1 Released, Semi-Annual Channel release; no longer supported
Windows 10 20H2 v20H2 20H2 October 2020 Update Released
Windows Server, version 20H2 Released, Semi-Annual Channel release
Windows 10 21H1 v21H1 21H1 May 2021 Update Released
Windows 10 21H2 v21H2 21H2 November 2021 Update Released

Windows 10 development cycles (NT 10.0)
Trade name Version Codename / Preliminary name Update name Build lab Development status Available on BA FTP?
Manganese v20H2 Manganese N/A mn_release
Iron v21H1 Iron rs_prerelease; fe_release
Cobalt v21H2 Cobalt Windows 11 rs_prerelease; co_release

Windows 11 operating systems (NT 10.0)
Trade name Version Codename / Preliminary name Update name Build lab Development status Available on BA FTP?
Windows 11 v21H2 Sun Valley Windows 11 co_release Released
Windows 11 22H2 v22H2 Nickel 2022 Update ni_release Released
Windows Server 2022, version 22H2 v22H2 Copper N/A rs_prerelease

Windows CE
Trade name Version Codename Additional information Available on BA FTP?
Windows CE 1.0 1.0 Pegasus, Alder First release. Unsupported as of December 31, 2001
Windows CE 2.0 2.0 Birch Unsupported as of September 30, 2002
Windows CE 3.0 3.0 Cedar, Galileo Unsupported as of October 9, 2007
Windows CE 4.x 4.x Talisker, Jameson, McKendrick Unsupported as of July 10, 2012
Windows CE 5.x 5.x Macallan Unsupported as of October 14, 2014
Windows Embedded CE 6.0 6.x Yamazaki Unsupported as of April 10, 2018
Windows Embedded Compact 7 7.0 Chelan Unsupported as of April 13, 2021
Windows Embedded Compact 2013 8.0 Unsupported as of October 10, 2023

Windows Pocket PC
Trade name Version Codename Additional information Available on BA FTP?
Windows Pocket PC 2000 2.x Rapier Based on Windows CE 3.0
Windows Pocket PC 2002 3.x Merlin Based on Windows CE 3.0

Windows Mobile
Trade name Version Codename Additional information Available on BA FTP?
Windows Mobile 2003 4.x Ozone Based on Windows CE 4.20
Windows Mobile 5 5.x Magneto Based on Windows CE 4.60. Unsupported as of October 13, 2015
Windows Mobile 6 6.x Crossbow Based on Windows CE 5.10

Windows Phone
Trade name Version Codename Additional information Available on BA FTP?
Windows Phone 7 7.0 Windows Phone 7 Unsupported since October 14, 2014, last version based on Windows CE
Windows Phone 7.5 7.5 Mango / Tango First major update to Windows Phone 7
Windows Phone 7.8 7.8 The last major update to Windows Phone 7
Windows Phone 8 8.0 Windows Phone 8, Portico (GDR1), Blue (8.1) First version to use the NT kernel
Windows Phone 8.1 8.1 Blue First major update to Windows Phone 8
Windows 10 Mobile 10.0 Windows 10 Mobile First version to run the same Windows OS as small tablets and PC. No longer in active development.

See also

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