Complete Text PW0519: Virtual DMA Services (VDS) |
Q93469
The information in this article applies to:
- Microsoft Windows Software Development Kit (SDK) versions 3.0, 3.1
SUMMARY
======================================================================
Microsoft(R) Product Support Services Application Note (Text File)
PW0519: Virtual DMA Services (VDS)
======================================================================
Revision Date: 9/92
No Disk Included
The following information applies to Microsoft Windows(TM) Software
Development Kit versions 3.0 and 3.1.
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INTRODUCTION
============
An MS-DOS device driver that performs direct memory access (DMA) programs a
hardware controller with the address of a buffer region. The DMA controller
places the following restrictions on an acceptable DMA buffer region:
- The DMA buffer region must be in contiguous physical memory.
- On IBM(R) PC/XT(TM)-compatible machines, the DMA buffer region
must be in the first 1 megabyte (MB) of memory.
- On IBM PC/XTs, IBM PC/AT(R)s, and compatibles, the DMA buffer
region must not cross a 64-kilobyte (K) or 128K alignment
boundary.
However, software running in a protected mode environment, whether running
in virtual 8086 mode under Windows or in protected mode under an MS-DOS
extender, usually cannot determine the physical address of the appropriate
DMA buffer region. To compensate for this limitation, the Virtual DMA
Services (VDS) enable a device driver or application program to obtain the
information required to program a DMA transfer using either the on-board
DMA controller or a bus master DMA controller.
The VDS are provided through Interrupt 4Bh. The VDS provider software sets
a bit in the BIOS data area to indicate the availability of the VDS. Before
using the VDS, an application or driver must load the byte at address
0040:007Bh. If bit 5 of this byte is set, VDS provider software is present,
and the VDS can be used. If bit 5 is clear, the VDS are not available.
NOTE: If bit 5 of the byte at 0040:007Bh is clear, the processor is
probably running in real mode, where all memory is mapped with its
physical address equal to its linear address, and the application or
driver can directly program the DMA device without modification.
However, the processor may actually be running in virtual 8086 mode
under protected mode software that does not support the VDS. Under
these circumstances, there is no way to determine if the physical
and linear address are the same.
An implementation of the VDS on a 386 or faster processor must do one of
the following:
- Automatically remap pages to force regions of memory to be
physically contiguous
- Support a DMA buffer of at least 16K, if paging is enabled by
the system software
On a 386 processor, neither of these characteristics is required.
With the exception of the AX register and Carry flag, all registers and
flags are preserved across VDS calls unless otherwise specified. If the
Carry flag is set upon return from a VDS call, the AL register contains an
error code. Otherwise, the contents of the AX register are undefined upon
return.
NOTES FOR WRITING DMA DEVICE DRIVERS
====================================
Applications and device drivers that use the VDS must verify that bit 5 of
the byte at 0040:007Bh is set before programming DMA. The VDS provider
software may initialize or terminate DMA services at any time. For example,
when an application first uses simulated expanded memory, a limulator
places the processor into virtual 8086 mode and enables the VDS. (A
limulator is an application that emulates expanded memory using the
Lotus/Intel/Microsoft [LIM] Expanded Memory Specification [EMS].) When all
memory provided by the limulator is freed, the limulator typically returns
the processor to real mode and terminates the VDS.
Note also that the type of DMA support provided may change dynamically. For
example, the user may run one protected mode environment, close it, and
then run a second protected mode environment. In this example, the VDS are
provided by two separate implementations.
Device drivers can provide various levels of support for DMA. The options
are listed below and are ordered from most desirable to least desirable:
- Scatter/gather operations are supported by the hardware DMA
adapter.
- The VDS provider software parcels the DMA requests, eliminating
the need for a buffer.
- The VDS provider software parcels the DMA requests into 16K or
smaller pieces, using the default buffer.
- The user is required to override the default buffer size.
For all practical purposes, the final option listed above is unacceptable.
At the very least, the VDS provider software should parcel DMA transfers
into pieces no larger than 16K. For example, the VDS provider software
could break transfers to a hard disk at a track boundary. For most hard
disks, one track fits into a 16K buffer.
However, for devices that are less sensitive to timing than a hard drive,
the VDS provider software can parcel each DMA transfer into larger pieces.
Ideally, all DMA hardware adapters would include support for scatter/gather
operations.
In some situations, a device driver has a real physical address to specify
in a DMA transfer. This address may be for a block of memory allocated from
extended memory or through Interrupt 15h before the VDS was enabled, for
memory on an adapter card, and so forth. In these situations, the
application must not call the Lock DMA Buffer Region service because the
VDS functions interpret region addresses as linear addresses. If the
standard DMA controller performs the transfer, the application must still
call the Disable DMA Translation and Enable DMA Translation services.
By convention, the buffer identifier 0 in a DMA descriptor data structure
(DDS) indicates that no buffer has been allocated. The device driver can
check this field to determine if a buffer was allocated.
NOTES FOR IMPLEMENTING DMA SERVICES
===================================
On a machine with an 80386 processor, the recommended method of supporting
the VDS is to use a DMA buffer. A buffer has been found to be faster than
remapping memory on these machines. On a machine equipped with an 80286
processor, the VDS can be implemented without implementing a buffer. On
these machines, the software calling the services must parcel out transfers
to avoid crossing alignment boundaries. Implementations that do not include
any buffers must return the "No buffer available" error (code 04h) in
response to the Request DMA Buffer service (service 07h).
Each implementation of the VDS should provide a mechanism for overriding
the size of the DMA buffer or remap region. Each implementation should also
provide a mechanism for forcing the buffer or remap region to reside in the
first megabyte of physical memory. These mechanisms are implementation
dependent. For example, one VDS implementation may use a configuration file
while another may use a set of command-line switches.
Lock DMA Buffer Region calls for the following types of memory must not
fail:
- Memory that is not "owned" by the VDS provider software
- Memory allocated before the VDS provider software started
running (including low memory)
- The EBIOS data area
- Extended memory allocated through Interrupt 15h or the Extended
Memory Specification (XMS)
If a VDS implementation supports auto-remapping, pages must be remapped to
create contiguous regions. If auto-remapping is not supported, the VDS
provider software must keep these memory areas contiguous. Also, some
environments include device drivers that attempt long-term DMA transfers.
In these environments, the user must be able to configure the software to
enable DMA transfers to take place. One solution is to install long-term
DMA device drivers only after the VDS provider software. The other solution
is to keep all "unowned" memory mapped to its original location to keep its
linear memory address equal to its physical memory address. Mapping memory
in this way allows DMA transfers started prior to the VDS to continue as
normal.
Because other hardware and software services can be provided on the
Interrupt 4Bh chain, the VDS provider software must determine if it should
chain interrupts when AH is not 81h. On Micro Channel Architecture (MCA)
machines, this information is available in bit 3 of the byte at 0040:007Bh.
The following table provides the interpretation for the contents of this
bit:
Interrupt 4Bh Intercepted Indicator (MCA Only)
----------------------------------------------
Bit 3 Set Interrupt vector intercepted. Chaining is required.
Bit 3 Clear Interrupt vector not intercepted. Action depends on
the contents of the interrupt vector. If the vector
contains 0:0, or if the vector's segment value is
E000h or F000h, chaining is not permitted.
On other architectures, examining the value of the interrupt vector may be
the only method of determining if interrupts should be chained.
If the VDS provider software does not chain interrupts, it should execute
an IRET instruction to ignore the interrupt without modifying any registers
or flags.
DETERMINING WHICH ERROR CODES TO RETURN
=======================================
An application should implement the following pseudocode to access the Lock
DMA Buffer Region service (service 8103h):
IF region contiguous THEN
IF region does not cross alignment boundary THEN
BEGIN
Lock region
Set Buffer_ID field to 0
Return with Carry flag clear
END
ELSE
PERFORM Buffer/Remap
ENDIF
ELSE
PERFORM Buffer/Remap
ENDIF
BUFFER/REMAP Function
---------------------
IF buffer supported THEN
IF Buffer Disable flag clear THEN
PERFORM Buffer
ELSE
Return with Carry flag set and AL=1, 2, or 3
ENDIF
ELSE
IF remap supported THEN
IF Remap Disable flag clear THEN
PERFORM Remap
ELSE
Return with Carry flag set and AL=1, 2, or 3
ENDIF
ELSE
Return with Carry flag set and AL=1, 2, or 3
ENDIF
ENDIF
BUFFER Function
---------------
IF buffer available THEN
IF region size <= buffer size THEN
BEGIN
Allocate buffer
IF Copy flag set THEN
Copy data from linear region to buffer
ENDIF
Set Buffer_ID field (nonzero)
Set Physical_Address field to buffer physical address
Return with Carry flag clear
END
ELSE
Return with Carry flag set and AL=05h
ENDIF
ELSE
Return with Carry flag set and AL=06h
ENDIF
REMAP Function
--------------
IF region can be forced contiguous THEN
IF region will not cross specified boundary THEN
BEGIN
Force region contiguous
Set Physical_Address field
Set Buffer_ID field to 0
Return with Carry flag clear
END
ELSE
Return with Carry flag set and AL=02h
ENDIF
ELSE
Return with Carry flag set and AL=01h
ENDIF
SERVICES
========
Most services require a pointer to a DMA DDS as one parameter. The DDS is
defined as follows:
DDS STRUCT
Region_Size DWORD ? ; offset 0
Offset DWORD ? ; offset 4
Seg_or_Select WORD ? ; offset 8
Buffer_ID WORD ? ; offset A
Physical_Address DWORD ? ; offset C
DDS ENDS
Region_Size is a double word (DWORD, or 32-bit quantity) at offset 0. It
specifies the size of the DMA buffer region in bytes.
Offset and Seg_or_Select (segment/selector) are a far word (FWORD, or 48-
bit quantity) pair at offset 04h. They specify a segment:offset pointer in
virtual 8086 mode, or a selector:offset pointer in protected mode.
NOTE: If the linear address has been determined, the application can
set the Seg_or_Select field to 0 and place the linear address in the
Offset field. An application can specify a 32-bit value in the
Offset field even with a real mode segment value. This eases the
process of parceling a DMA transfer in a device driver; the driver
can modify the Offset value without changing the Seg_or_Select
value.
Buffer_ID is a word (16-bit quantity) at offset 0Ah. This field is set by
the Request DMA Buffer service. (It might also be set by the Lock DMA
Buffer Region service.)
Physical_Address is a double word at offset 0Ch. This field is set by the
Lock DMA Buffer Region and Request DMA Buffer services.
RESERVED SUBFUNCTIONS
=====================
Functions 00h, 01h, and 0Dh through 0FFh are reserved. Any of these
functions returns with the Carry flag set and the AL register set to 0Fh
("Function not supported").
Notes
None.
GET VERSION
-----------
This service returns the VDS version number, information about the hardware
and buffer size, and whether automatic memory remapping is supported.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 02h
DX = Flags
All bits are reserved and must be 0.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
AH = Major specification version number (binary, currently 1)
AL = Minor specification version number (binary, currently 0)
BX = Product number
CX = Product revision number
SI:DI = Maximum DMA buffer size supported (size in bytes)
DX = Flags
Bit 0 = 1 If PC/XT bus architecture (DMA in first megabyte
only)
Bit 1 = 1 If physical buffer/remap region is in first
megabyte
Bit 2 = 1 If automatic remap supported
Bit 3 = 1 If all memory physically contiguous
Other flags are reserved and must be 0.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
AL = Error code
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
- The version numbers returned in the AH and AL registers
determine the functionality supported by a VDS implementation.
Drivers that support the functionality described in this
document return AX=0100h.
- Bit 3 of the flag word is set only in an environment that runs
in protected mode but does not perform paging. One example of
such an environment is an 80286 MS-DOS extender. When bit 3 is
set, the VDS services only convert selector:offset linear
address pairs into physical addresses.
LOCK DMA BUFFER REGION
----------------------
An application calls this service to determine if a target DMA buffer
region is in contiguous physical memory. If so, this service returns the
physical address of the region that the VDS provider software can use to
program the DMA channel. A locked DMA buffer region must be unlocked once
DMA is complete.
If the DMA controller has memory-placement restrictions (for example, if
the memory must be addressed in the first megabyte), the device driver can
examine the returned physical address. If the address is unsuitable, the
driver must unlock the region and request a DMA buffer.
Some implementations of the VDS attempt to remap memory pages to force the
region to be contiguous physical memory. The calling application can
disable this behavior by setting bit 3 in the DX register. Under most
circumstances, a device can parcel transfers or use a DMA buffer more
quickly than the VDS can remap pages.
This service has an automatic buffer-allocation option that is often very
convenient to use. When an application specifies this option, if the DMA
buffer region cannot be locked for any reason, the VDS will attempt to
allocate a DMA buffer. The VDS can automatically copy the data in the DMA
buffer region into the allocated buffer.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 03h
DX = Flags
Bit 1 = 1 If data should be copied into buffer (ignored if
bit 2 = 1)
Bit 2 = 1 Disable buffer allocation if DMA buffer region not
contiguous or crosses a physical alignment boundary
specified by bits 4 and 5
Bit 3 = 1 Disable automatic remap attempt
Bit 4 = 1 If region must not cross a 64K physical alignment
boundary
Bit 5 = 1 If region must not cross a 128K physical alignment
boundary
All other bits are reserved and must be 0.
ES:DI = Pointer to DDS
The caller must complete the Region_Size, Offset, and
Seg_or_Select fields in the data structure before calling this
service.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
Memory is locked.
The Physical_Address field of DDS contains the starting physical
address of the region.
The Buffer_ID field will contain the ID of the allocated buffer
or 0 if no buffer was allocated.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
Memory is NOT locked.
Region_Size field of DDS contains the maximum contiguous length
in bytes.
AL = Error code
01h = Region not in contiguous memory
02h = Region crossed a physical alignment boundary
03h = Unable to lock pages (virtual memory systems only)
05h = Region too large for buffer
06h = Buffer currently in use
07h = Invalid memory region
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
- The VDS locks memory on a page-by-page basis. A page can be
locked more than once, which allows two DMA buffer regions to
overlap on a page. The VDS maintains page locking as a count.
Some systems need not maintain a count because memory is never
discarded or moved. In these systems, the Unlock DMA Buffer
Region service will never fail.
- If an application selects the automatic buffer-allocation option
by clearing bit 2 of the flags in the DX register, the VDS will
automatically allocate a DMA buffer if the region cannot be
locked. An application sets bit 1 to indicate that the data
should be copied into the buffer for a memory-read operation.
When the Lock DMA Buffer Region Service fails and bit 2 is clear
but no buffer is supported, VDS reports the actual cause of the
error, rather than returning a "No buffer error available" error
(error code 04h).
- If an application receives a "Buffer currently in use" error
(error code 06h), it can wait in a loop to allow another device
time to release the buffer. For more details, refer to the
documentation for the Request DMA Buffer service below in this
document.
- An application should use the buffer-alignment mask with devices
that have physical memory boundary constraints. For example,
with the PC/AT architecture, the standard DMA controllers "wrap"
memory address calculations at 64K or 128K physical boundaries.
If the programmed DMA controller has an alignment constraint,
set the applicable bit in the DX register.
UNLOCK DMA BUFFER REGION
------------------------
This service unlocks a previously locked DMA buffer region.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 04h
DX = Flags
Bit 1 = 1 If data should be copied out of buffer
All other bits are reserved and must be 0.
ES:DI = Pointer to DDS
The caller must complete the Region_Size, Physical_Address, and
Buffer_ID fields before calling this service. (Usually the
caller specifies the data structure completed by a call to the
Lock DMA Buffer Region service.)
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
Memory is unlocked or no count is maintained.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
All memory remains locked.
AL = Error code
08h = Region was not locked
0Ah = Invalid Buffer_ID
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
If the Buffer_ID field of the DDS data structure is nonzero, this service
releases the DMA buffer allocated by the Lock DMA Buffer Region service.
Any data in the buffer is lost. If the DMA transfer was a memory-write
operation and bit 1 in the DX register is set, this service will copy the
data from the DMA buffer before the buffer is released.
SCATTER/GATHER LOCK REGION
--------------------------
This service allows a hardware device that supports automatic
scatter/gather operations to determine the physical regions of a linear
address range and to lock the linear address range in one service. A device
driver that parcels DMA requests can use this service instead of repeatedly
calling Lock DMA Buffer Region.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 05h
DX = Flags
Bit 6 = 1 If an extended data descriptor structure (EDDS) should
be returned with page-table entries.
Bit 7 = 1 If only present pages should be locked. Not-present
pages are identified with a page-table entry of 0 (if
bit 6 = 0, bit 7 is ignored).
All other bits are reserved and must be 0.
ES:DI = Pointer to one of the following extended EDDS's:
If bit 6 of the DX register is 0, this service returns an EDDS
with a table of physical regions (address and size pairs), as
follows:
EDDS STRUCT
Region_Size DWORD ? ; offset 0h
Offset DWORD ? ; offset 4h
Seg_or_Select WORD ? ; offset 8h
Reserved WORD 0 ; offset Ah
Number_Avail WORD ? ; offset Ch
Number_Used WORD ? ; offset Eh
R0_Physical_Addr DWORD ? ; offset 10h
R0_Size DWORD ? ; offset 14h
R1_Physical_Addr DWORD ? ; offset 18h
R1_Size DWORD ? ; offset 1Ch
...
Rn_Physical_Addr DWORD ? ; offset 10h + n*8
Rn_Size DWORD ? ; offset 14h + n*8
EDDS ENDS
If bit 6 of the DX register is 1, this service returns an EDDS
with a table of page-table entries (one entry per 4K page, the
same format as 80386 page-table entries), as follows:
EDDS STRUCT
Region_Size DWORD ? ; offset 0h
Linear_Offset DWORD ? ; offset 4h
Seg_or_Select WORD ? ; offset 8h
Reserved WORD 0 ; offset Ah
Number_Avail WORD ? ; offset Ch
Number_Used WORD ? ; offset Eh
Page_Table_Ent0 DWORD ? ; offset 10h
Page_Table_Ent1 DWORD ? ; offset 14h
...
Page_Table_Entn DWORD ? ; offset 10h + n*4
EDDS ENDS
Each page-table entry contains the physical page number in
the upper 20 bits; the lower 12 bits are flag bits, as
follows:
Bit 0 = 1 If the page is present and locked
Bits 1 through 11 are reserved and set to 0
If option bit 7 is 1, then pages in the region that do not
have a physical page assigned will have a page-table entry
of 0 and are not locked by this service.
The caller must complete the Region_Size, Offset (or
Linear_Offset), Seg_or_Select, and Number_Avail fields. The
Number_Avail field specifies the number of physical regions
(page-table entries) in the EDDS.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
The Number_Used field contains the number of table entries
filled in with information about physical regions.
If bit 6 of the DX register was set (page-table copy), bits 0
through 11 of the BX register are set to the offset in the first
page to the start of the DMA buffer region. Bits 12 through 15
are 0.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
Memory is NOT locked.
The Region_Size field contains the maximum number of bytes that
can be locked and described in the DDS table.
The physical regions (table entry) fields are undefined.
AL = Error code
03h = Unable to lock pages
07h = Invalid memory region
09h = Number of physical pages was greater than table
length. (The Number_Used field will contain the number
of table entries required to describe the DMA buffer
region.)
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
Given a linear address and the size of the DMA buffer region, the maximum
number of physical regions required to describe a DMA buffer region is
computed as follows:
(Linear Address AND 0FFFh) + Region Size + 0FFFh
------------------------------------------------
1000h
SCATTER/GATHER UNLOCK REGION
----------------------------
This service unlocks a DMA buffer region locked by the Scatter/Gather
Lock Region service.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 06h
DX = Flags
Bit 6 = 1 If the EDDS contains page-table entries.
Bit 7 = 1 If the EDDS may contain not-present pages. Not-present
pages are identified with a page-table entry of 0 (if
bit 6 = 0, bit 7 is ignored).
All other bits are reserved and must be 0.
ES:DI = Pointer to the EDDS specified in a call to the
Scatter/Gather Lock Region service.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
Memory is unlocked.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
AL = Error code
08h = Region was not locked
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
This service uses only the Region_Size, Offset (or Linear_Offset), and
Seg_or_Select fields of the EDDS. Therefore, the application need not
maintain the physical address (page-table) entries unless bits 6 and 7 in
the DX register are set in the corresponding call to the Scatter/Gather
Lock Region service. If an application uses this special form of region
locking, the table is required to unlock the correct pages.
REQUEST DMA BUFFER
------------------
To perform buffered DMA, a device driver must perform the following steps:
- Request a DMA buffer
- Copy data into the buffer (when a memory-read operation is
performed)
- Program the DMA channel and initiate the transfer
- Copy data from the buffer (when a memory-write operation is
performed)
- Release the DMA buffer
The driver must copy the data from the buffer before the buffer is
released. The physical address of the buffer is not valid after the buffer
is released.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 07h
DX = Flags
Bit 1 = 1 If data should be copied into the buffer
All other bits are reserved and must be 0.
ES:DI = Pointer to DDS
The caller must complete the Region_Size field. If automatic
copy is selected (flag bit 1 is set), the caller must also
complete the Seg_or_Select and Offset fields.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
The Physical_Address field of the DDS contains the starting
physical address of the buffer.
The Region_Size field specifies the size of the buffer.
The Buffer_ID field contains the identifier of the allocated
buffer.
If automatic copy was selected, then data was copied into the
buffer.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
AL = Error code
04h = No buffer available
05h = Region too large for buffer
06h = Buffer currently in use
07h = Invalid memory region
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
- Under the 386 enhanced mode of Windows, a device should enter a
Windows critical section to prevent another virtual machine from
running while a DMA buffer is in use.
- If the buffer is currently in use (error code 06h), the
application can loop with interrupts enabled repeatedly,
attempting to allocate the buffer. Doing so gives another device
time to complete its DMA transfer.
- A device driver must either poll for the DMA operation to
complete or receive a hardware interrupt. Once DMA is complete,
the driver releases ownership of the DMA buffer. If ownership is
released in response to a hardware interrupt, other devices can
wait for the buffer as described above.
RELEASE DMA BUFFER
------------------
This service releases a DMA buffer that was previously requested. The
buffer's physical address is invalidated by this service.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 08h
DX = Flags
Bit 1 = 1 If data should be copied out of buffer
All other bits are reserved and must be 0.
ES:DI = Pointer to DDS
The caller must complete the Buffer_ID field of the DDS before
calling this service.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
AL = Error code
0Ah = Invalid Buffer_ID
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
None.
COPY INTO DMA BUFFER
--------------------
Copy data from a user-specified buffer into the DMA buffer to prepare for a
memory-read DMA transfer.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 09h
DX = Flags
All bits are reserved and must be 0.
ES:DI = Pointer to DDS
The caller must complete the Buffer_ID, Offset, Seg_or_Select,
and Region_Size fields. The Offset and Seg_or_Select fields
specify the source address for the copy operation.
BX:CX = Starting offset in DMA buffer to copy
The Region_Size field of the DDS determines the number of bytes
to copy.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
AL = Error code
0Ah = Invalid Buffer_ID
0Bh = Buffer boundary violated
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
None.
COPY OUT OF DMA BUFFER
----------------------
Copy data from a DMA buffer into a user-specified buffer after a memory-
write DMA transfer.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 0Ah
DX = Flags
All bits are reserved and must be 0.
ES:DI = Pointer to DDS
The caller must complete the Buffer_ID, Offset, Seg_or_Select,
and Region_Size fields. The Offset and Seg_or_Select fields
specify the destination address for the copy operation.
BX:CX = Starting offset in DMA buffer to copy
The Region_Size field of the DDS determines the number of bytes
to copy.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
AL = Error code
0Ah = Invalid Buffer_ID
0Bh = Buffer boundary violated
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
None.
DISABLE DMA TRANSLATION
-----------------------
Environments that support the VDS trap the standard DMA I/O ports and
attempt to remap the addresses provided by the client application (assumed
to be linear addresses) into appropriate physical addresses. However, an
application that uses the VDS to determine the physical address of its DMA
buffer region must call this service to disable the remapping of standard
DMA ports.
This service maintains a disable count. Therefore, one call to Enable DMA
Translation must be made for each call to the Disable DMA Translation
service before automatic DMA translation is enabled.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 0Bh
BX = DMA channel number
DX = Flags
All bits are reserved and must be 0.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
AL = Error code
0Ch = Invalid DMA channel number
0Dh = Disable count overflow
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
None.
ENABLE DMA TRANSLATION
----------------------
An application calls this service to reenable automatic DMA buffer
remapping that was disabled by the Disable DMA Translation service.
This service maintains a disable count. Therefore, one call to Enable DMA
Translation must be made for each call to the Disable DMA Translation
service before automatic DMA translation is enabled.
To Call
AH = 81h
AL = 0Ch
BX = DMA channel number
DX = Flags
All bits are reserved and must be 0.
Returns
If function was successful:
Carry flag is clear.
If disable count is decremented to 0, the Zero flag is set.
If function was not successful:
Carry flag is set.
AL = Error code
0Ch = Invalid DMA channel number
0Eh = Disable count underflow (was not previously disabled;
count not changed)
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
Notes
None.
SUMMARY OF ERROR CODES AND OPTION FLAGS
=======================================
ERROR CODES
===========
01h = Region not in contiguous memory
02h = Region crossed a physical alignment boundary
03h = Unable to lock pages
04h = No buffer available
05h = Region too large for buffer
06h = Buffer currently in use
07h = Invalid memory region
08h = Region was not locked
09h = Number of physical pages was greater than table length
0Ah = Invalid Buffer_ID
0Bh = Buffer boundary violated
0Ch = Invalid DMA channel number
0Dh = Disable count overflow
0Eh = Disable count underflow
0Fh = Function not supported
10h = Reserved flag bits set in DX
OPTION FLAGS
============
Bit 1 = Automatically copy to/from buffer
Bit 2 = Disable automatic buffer allocation
Bit 3 = Disable automatic remap feature
Bit 4 = Region must not cross 64K physical alignment boundary
Bit 5 = Region must not cross 128K physical alignment boundary
Bit 6 = Copy page-table for scatter/gather remap
Bit 7 = Allow non-present pages for scatter/gather remap
Additional query words: no32bit 3.00 3.10 appnote PW0519
Keywords : kb16bitonly
Issue type :
Technology : kbAudDeveloper kbWin3xSearch kbSDKSearch kbWinSDKSearch kbWinSDK300 kbWinSDK310
Last Reviewed: November 12, 1999 |
