Microsoft KB Archive/918992

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Knowledge Base


Article ID: 918992

Article Last Modified on 7/11/2006


APPLIES TO

  • Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Standard Edition
  • Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Workgroup Edition
  • Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Developer Edition
  • Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition



INTRODUCTION

This article describes how to transfer the logins and the passwords between instances of Microsoft SQL Server 2005 on different servers.

For more information about how to transfer the logins and the passwords between instances of other versions of SQL Server, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

246133 How to transfer logins and passwords between instances of SQL Server


MORE INFORMATION

In this article, server A and server B are different servers. Additionally, both server A and server B are running SQL Server 2005.

After you move a database from the instance of SQL Server on server A to the instance of SQL Server on server B, the users may not be able to log in to the database on server B. Additionally, the users may receive the following error message:

Login failed for user 'MyUser'. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 18456)

This problem occurs because you did not transfer the logins and the passwords from the instance of SQL Server on server A to the instance of SQL Server on server B.

To transfer the logins and the passwords from the instance of SQL Server on server A to the instance of SQL Server on server B, follow these steps:

  1. On server A, start SQL Server Management Studio, and then connect to the instance of SQL Server from which you moved the database.

  2. Open a new Query Editor window, and then run the following script.

    USE master
GO
IF OBJECT_ID ('sp_hexadecimal') IS NOT NULL
  DROP PROCEDURE sp_hexadecimal
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_hexadecimal
    @binvalue varbinary(256),
    @hexvalue varchar (514) OUTPUT
AS
DECLARE @charvalue varchar (514)
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @length int
DECLARE @hexstring char(16)
SELECT @charvalue = '0x'
SELECT @i = 1
SELECT @length = DATALENGTH (@binvalue)
SELECT @hexstring = '0123456789ABCDEF'
WHILE (@i <= @length)
BEGIN
  DECLARE @tempint int
  DECLARE @firstint int
  DECLARE @secondint int
  SELECT @tempint = CONVERT(int, SUBSTRING(@binvalue,@i,1))
  SELECT @firstint = FLOOR(@tempint/16)
  SELECT @secondint = @tempint - (@firstint*16)
  SELECT @charvalue = @charvalue +
    SUBSTRING(@hexstring, @firstint+1, 1) +
    SUBSTRING(@hexstring, @secondint+1, 1)
  SELECT @i = @i + 1
END

SELECT @hexvalue = @charvalue
GO
 
IF OBJECT_ID ('sp_help_revlogin') IS NOT NULL
  DROP PROCEDURE sp_help_revlogin
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_help_revlogin @login_name sysname = NULL AS
DECLARE @name sysname
DECLARE @type varchar (1)
DECLARE @hasaccess int
DECLARE @denylogin int
DECLARE @is_disabled int
DECLARE @PWD_varbinary  varbinary (256)
DECLARE @PWD_string  varchar (514)
DECLARE @SID_varbinary varbinary (85)
DECLARE @SID_string varchar (514)
DECLARE @tmpstr  varchar (1024)
DECLARE @is_policy_checked varchar (3)
DECLARE @is_expiration_checked varchar (3)

DECLARE @defaultdb sysname
 
IF (@login_name IS NULL)
  DECLARE login_curs CURSOR FOR

      SELECT p.sid, p.name, p.type, p.is_disabled, p.default_database_name, l.hasaccess, l.denylogin FROM 
sys.server_principals p LEFT JOIN sys.syslogins l
      ON ( l.name = p.name ) WHERE p.type IN ( 'S', 'G', 'U' ) AND p.name <> 'sa'
ELSE
  DECLARE login_curs CURSOR FOR


      SELECT p.sid, p.name, p.type, p.is_disabled, p.default_database_name, l.hasaccess, l.denylogin FROM 
sys.server_principals p LEFT JOIN sys.syslogins l
      ON ( l.name = p.name ) WHERE p.type IN ( 'S', 'G', 'U' ) AND p.name = @login_name
OPEN login_curs

FETCH NEXT FROM login_curs INTO @SID_varbinary, @name, @type, @is_disabled, @defaultdb, @hasaccess, @denylogin
IF (@@fetch_status = -1)
BEGIN
  PRINT 'No login(s) found.'
  CLOSE login_curs
  DEALLOCATE login_curs
  RETURN -1
END
SET @tmpstr = '/* sp_help_revlogin script '
PRINT @tmpstr
SET @tmpstr = '** Generated ' + CONVERT (varchar, GETDATE()) + ' on ' + @@SERVERNAME + ' */'
PRINT @tmpstr
PRINT ''
WHILE (@@fetch_status <> -1)
BEGIN
  IF (@@fetch_status <> -2)
  BEGIN
    PRINT ''
    SET @tmpstr = '-- Login: ' + @name
    PRINT @tmpstr
    IF (@type IN ( 'G', 'U'))
    BEGIN -- NT authenticated account/group

      SET @tmpstr = 'CREATE LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME( @name ) + ' FROM WINDOWS WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE = [' + @defaultdb + ']'
    END
    ELSE BEGIN -- SQL Server authentication
        -- obtain password and sid
            SET @PWD_varbinary = CAST( LOGINPROPERTY( @name, 'PasswordHash' ) AS varbinary (256) )
        EXEC sp_hexadecimal @PWD_varbinary, @PWD_string OUT
        EXEC sp_hexadecimal @SID_varbinary,@SID_string OUT
 
        -- obtain password policy state
        SELECT @is_policy_checked = CASE is_policy_checked WHEN 1 THEN 'ON' WHEN 0 THEN 'OFF' ELSE NULL END FROM sys.sql_logins WHERE name = @name
        SELECT @is_expiration_checked = CASE is_expiration_checked WHEN 1 THEN 'ON' WHEN 0 THEN 'OFF' ELSE NULL END FROM sys.sql_logins WHERE name = @name
 
            SET @tmpstr = 'CREATE LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME( @name ) + ' WITH PASSWORD = ' + @PWD_string + ' HASHED, SID = ' + @SID_string + ', DEFAULT_DATABASE = [' + @defaultdb + ']'

        IF ( @is_policy_checked IS NOT NULL )
        BEGIN
          SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + ', CHECK_POLICY = ' + @is_policy_checked
        END
        IF ( @is_expiration_checked IS NOT NULL )
        BEGIN
          SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + ', CHECK_EXPIRATION = ' + @is_expiration_checked
        END
    END
    IF (@denylogin = 1)
    BEGIN -- login is denied access
      SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + '; DENY CONNECT SQL TO ' + QUOTENAME( @name )
    END
    ELSE IF (@hasaccess = 0)
    BEGIN -- login exists but does not have access
      SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + '; REVOKE CONNECT SQL TO ' + QUOTENAME( @name )
    END
    IF (@is_disabled = 1)
    BEGIN -- login is disabled
      SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + '; ALTER LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME( @name ) + ' DISABLE'
    END
    PRINT @tmpstr
  END

  FETCH NEXT FROM login_curs INTO @SID_varbinary, @name, @type, @is_disabled, @defaultdb, @hasaccess, @denylogin
   END
CLOSE login_curs
DEALLOCATE login_curs
RETURN 0
GO

    Note This script creates two stored procedures in the master database. The two stored procedures are named the sp_hexadecimal stored procedure and the sp_help_revlogin stored procedure.

  3. Run the following statement.

    EXEC sp_help_revlogin

    The output script that is generated by the sp_help_revlogin stored procedure is the login script. This login script creates the logins that have the original Security Identifier (SID) and the original password.

  4. On server B, start SQL Server Management Studio, and then connect to the instance of SQL Server to which you moved the database.

    Important Before you go to step 5, review the information in the "Remarks" section.
  5. Open a new Query Editor window, and then run the output script that is generated in step 3.

Remarks

Review the following information before you run the output script on the instance on server B:

  • Review the output script carefully. If server A and server B are in different domains, you have to modify the output script. Then, you have to replace the original domain name with the new domain name in the CREATE LOGIN statements. The integrated logins that are granted access in the new domain do not have the same SID as the logins in the original domain. Therefore, the users are orphaned from these logins. For more information about how to resolve these orphaned users, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

    240872 How to resolve permission issues when you move a database between servers that are running SQL Server

    If server A and server B are in the same domain, the same SID is used. Therefore, the users are not likely to be orphaned.
  • In the output script, the logins are created by using the encrypted password. This is because of the HASHED argument in the CREATE LOGIN statement. This argument specifies that the password that is entered after the PASSWORD argument is already hashed.
  • By default, only a member of the sysadmin fixed server role can run a SELECT statement from the sys.server_principals view. Unless a member of the sysadmin fixed server role grants the necessary permissions to the users, the users cannot create or run the output script.
  • The steps in this article do not transfer the default database information for a particular login. This is because the default database may not always exist on server B. To define the default database for a login, use the ALTER LOGIN statement by passing in the login name and the default database as arguments.
  • The sort order of server A may be case insensitive, and the sort order of server B may be case sensitive. In this case, the users must type all the letters in the passwords as uppercase letters after you transfer the logins and the passwords to the instance on server B.

    Alternatively, the sort order of server A may be case sensitive, and the sort order of server B may be case insensitive. In this case, the users cannot log in by using the logins and the passwords that you transfer to the instance on server B unless one of the following conditions is true:
    • The original passwords contain no letters.
    • All the letters in the original passwords are uppercase letters.
    The sort order of both server A and server B may be case sensitive, or the sort order of both server A and server B may be case insensitive. In these cases, the users do not experience a problem.
  • A login that already is in the instance on server B may have a name that is the same as a name in the output script. In this case, you receive the following error message when you run the output script on the instance on server B:

    Msg 15025, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
    The server principal 'MyLogin' already exists.

    Similarly, a login that already is in the instance on server B may have a SID that is the same as a SID in the output script. In this case, you receive the following error message when you run the output script on the instance on server B:

    Msg 15433, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
    Supplied parameter sid is in use.

    Therefore, you must do the following:

    1. Review the output script carefully.
    2. Examine the contents of the sys.server_principals view in the instance on server B.
    3. Address these error messages accordingly.
  • In SQL Server 2005, the SID for a login is used as the basis for implementing database-level access. A login may have two different SIDs in two different databases on a server. In this case, the login can only access the database that has the SID that matches the SID in the sys.server_principals view. This problem may occur if the two databases are consolidated from two different servers. To resolve this problem, manually remove the login from the database that has a SID mismatch by using the DROP USER statement. Then, add the login again by using the CREATE USER statement.


REFERENCES

For more information about how to troubleshoot orphaned users, visit the following Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) Web site:

http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms175475.aspx


For more information about the CREATE LOGIN statement, visit the following MSDN Web site:

http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189751.aspx


For more information about the ALTER LOGIN statement, visit the following MSDN Web site:

http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189828.aspx


Keywords: kbhowto kbinfo kbexpertiseadvanced KB918992



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