Article ID: 248799
Article Last Modified on 7/2/2004
APPLIES TO
- Microsoft Open Database Connectivity 3.5
- Microsoft Open Database Connectivity 3.51
- Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Standard Edition
- Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 Standard Edition
- Microsoft ODBC Driver for Microsoft SQL Server 3.7
- Microsoft Data Access Components 2.1
- Microsoft Data Access Components 2.5
- Microsoft Data Access Components 2.6
- Microsoft Data Access Components 2.7
This article was previously published under Q248799
SUMMARY
Using ODBC API functions such as SQLBindParameter and SQLExecDirect you can execute an INSERT statement and you can insert data into any backend database. Using ODBC API functions you can also insert null data into a particular column of a table, if the column allows nulls.
This article demonstrates how you can programmatically insert NULL data into a database using ODBC API functions.
MORE INFORMATION
The StrLen_or_IndPtr argument of the SQLBindParameter function (the last argument of that function) points to a buffer that contains one of the following when you call SQLExecute or SQLExecDirect:
- SQL_NTS. The parameter value is a null-terminated string.
- SQL_NULL_DATA. The parameter value is NULL.
- SQL_DEFAULT_PARAM. A procedure that uses the default value of a parameter, rather than a value retrieved from the application.
- The result of the SQL_LEN_DATA_AT_EXEC(length) macro. The data for the parameter is sent with SQLPutData.
- SQL_DATA_AT_EXEC. The data for the parameter is sent with SQLPutData.
When the STRLen_or_IndPtr argument contains SQL_NULL_DATA, you can insert null data in the corresponding column by calling SQLExecDirect or SQLExecute.
Following is a code example that has been tested with SQL Server 7.0. This code works with any other database, but you may have to change the data type in the SQLBindParameter accordingly.
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include <sqlext.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
SQLCHAR* theDiagState = new SQLCHAR[50];
SQLINTEGER theNativeState;
SQLCHAR* theMessageText = new SQLCHAR[255];
SQLSMALLINT iOutputNo;
SQLHENV m_SQLEnvironment;
SQLHDBC m_SQLConnection;
SQLHSTMT m_SQLStatement;
SQLRETURN iReturn;
DWORD returnValue = 0;
DWORD returnValue1 = 0;
long lBufLength = sizeof(returnValue);
long lBufLength1 = sizeof(returnValue1);
SQLCHAR theNumeric2[50];
SQLINTEGER cbNumeric, cbNumeric2;
strcpy((char*)theNumeric2, "5.9");
//Connect
//Allocate Environment Handle
iReturn = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV,SQL_NULL_HANDLE,&m_SQLEnvironment);
//Set environment to ODBC_3
iReturn = SQLSetEnvAttr(m_SQLEnvironment,SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION,(SQLPOINTER) SQL_OV_ODBC3,0);
//Allocate connection handle
iReturn = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC,m_SQLEnvironment,&m_SQLConnection);
//Connect to the database.
//In this example we have used the following
//Pubs as the DSN name
//sa is the login name without a password
//CHANGE THE DSN NAME HERE along with the length of the DSN.
iReturn = SQLConnect(m_SQLConnection,(SQLCHAR*) "Pubs",4,(SQLCHAR*)"sa",2,(SQLCHAR*)"",0);
if (iReturn != SQL_ERROR)
{
//Run Query
//Allocate the statement handle
iReturn = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT,m_SQLConnection,&m_SQLStatement);
//If you want to insert NULL data, the last parameter of SQLBindParameter should contain SQL_NULL_DATA
cbNumeric = SQL_NULL_DATA;
cbNumeric2 = SQL_NTS;
//Sending Null Data
iReturn = SQLBindParameter(m_SQLStatement,1,SQL_PARAM_INPUT,SQL_C_NUMERIC,SQL_NUMERIC,13,6,NULL,0,&cbNumeric);
if (iReturn != SQL_SUCCESS)
{
SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_STMT,m_SQLStatement,1,theDiagState,&theNativeState,theMessageText,100,&iOutputNo);
}
//Sending nonNull Data
iReturn = SQLBindParameter(m_SQLStatement,2,SQL_PARAM_INPUT,SQL_C_CHAR,SQL_NUMERIC,13,6,theNumeric2,0,&cbNumeric2);
if (iReturn != SQL_SUCCESS)
{
SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_STMT,m_SQLStatement,1,theDiagState,&theNativeState,theMessageText,100,&iOutputNo);
}
//Execute the statement to insert a null and a non-null value to the table.
//CHANGE THE TABLE/COLUMN NAME HERE.
//In this case we have used a table called TestNULL in SQL Server 7.0 with two fields
//theNumber1 : Numeric Field that allows NULL data (Length =13, Precision = 28, Scale=6)
//theNumber2 : Numeric that does not allow NULL data (Length =13, Precision = 28, Scale=6)
iReturn = SQLExecDirect(m_SQLStatement,(SQLCHAR*) "Insert Into TestNull (theNumber1,theNumber2) Values (?,?)",SQL_NTS);
if (iReturn != SQL_SUCCESS)
{
SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_STMT,m_SQLStatement,1,theDiagState,&theNativeState,theMessageText,100,&iOutputNo);
}
//DISCONNECT
iReturn = SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT,m_SQLStatement);
iReturn = SQLDisconnect(m_SQLConnection);
iReturn = SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC,m_SQLConnection);
iReturn = SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV,m_SQLEnvironment);
m_SQLStatement = NULL;
m_SQLConnection = NULL;
m_SQLEnvironment = NULL;
}
else
{
//If it fails to connect theMessageText contains the reason for failure
SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_DBC,m_SQLConnection,1,theDiagState,&theNativeState,theMessageText,100,&iOutputNo);
}
delete theMessageText;
delete theDiagState;
return 1;
}
When you execute the preceding program, it inserts a NULL value in the first column and 5.9 in the second column.
REFERENCES
For additional information on inserting NULL data, click the article numbers below to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
260310 How To Insert Null Data with OLE DB SDK Interfaces
260900 How To Insert NULL Data with OLE DB Consumer Templates
Keywords: kbhowto KB248799
