Article ID: 209645
Article Last Modified on 7/28/2004
APPLIES TO
- Microsoft Access 2000 Standard Edition
This article was previously published under Q209645
For a Microsoft Access 2002 version of this article, see 304428.
For a Microsoft Access 97 and earlier version of this article, see 95931.
Moderate: Requires basic macro, coding, and interoperability skills.
This article applies only to a Microsoft Access database (.mdb).
SUMMARY
This article shows you how to use a form to specify the criteria for a query. This technique is called query by form (QBF).
MORE INFORMATION
In the QBF technique, you create a form in which you enter query criteria. This form contains blank text boxes. Each text box represents a field in a table that you want to query. You make entries only in the text boxes for which you want to specify search criteria.
The QBF form resembles a data entry form that has fields that match the fields in a table. A table that has fields for Name, Address, City, State, and Zip Code can have a QBF form that has corresponding fields. To select certain records, you can enter any combination of search criteria in the form. You can specify a city only, or a city and a state, or a zip code only, or any other combination. Fields that you leave blank are ignored. When you click a command button on the form, Access runs a query that uses the search criteria from your form.
To use the QBF technique, follow these steps:
- Open the sample database Northwind.mdb.
- Create a new form that is not based on any table or query, and save it as QBF_Form.
On the new form, create two text boxes and one command button that has the following properties. Then, save the form:
Text box 1 ------------------ Name: WhatCustomer Text box 2 ------------------ Name: WhatEmployee Command button 1: ------------------ Caption: Search OnClick: QBF_Macro
Create the following new macro, and then save it as QBF_Macro:
Action: OpenQuery Query Name: QBF_Query View: Datasheet Data Mode: Edit
Create the following new query that is based on the Orders table, and then save it as QBF_Query:
Field: CustomerID Sort: Ascending Criteria: Forms![QBF_Form]![WhatCustomer] Or Forms![QBF_Form]![WhatCustomer] Is Null Field: EmployeeID Sort: Ascending Criteria: Forms![QBF_Form]![WhatEmployee] Or Forms![QBF_Form]![WhatEmployee] Is Null Field: OrderID Field: OrderDate
Open QBF_Form in the Form view. Enter the following combinations of criteria. Click Search after each combination:
Customer ID Employee ID Result ------------------------------------------------------- <blank> <blank> All 830 orders AROUT <blank> 13 orders AROUT 4 4 AROUT orders for employee 4 <blank> 4 156 orders for employee 4
After you view the result set for each query, close the Datasheet window. Then, begin your next search. Each time that you click the Search button, the parameters in the QBF query filter the data based on the search criteria that you specified on the QBF query form.
Notes on the QBF Parameter Criteria
The sample QBF query in this article implements criteria in the query as
Forms!FormName!ControlName Or Forms!FormName!ControlName Is Null
to filter the data. These criteria return all matching records. If the criteria value is null, all the records are returned for the specified field.
You can specify any of the following alternative criteria to return slightly different results:
NOTE: In the following sample criteria, an underscore (_) is used as a line-continuation character. Remove the underscore from the end of the line when you re-create these criteria.
- Like Forms!
FormName!ControlName& "*" Or _
Forms!FormName!ControlName Is Null
This criteria statement is the same as the QBF sample above, except that you can query by using a wildcard. For example, if you enter "Jo" in a field by using this criteria statement, the query returns every record in the field that begins with "Jo." This includes Johnson, Jones, Johanna, and so on.
- Between Forms!
FormName!StartDate And Forms!FormName!EndDate Or _
Forms!FormName!StartDate Is Null You can use this criteria statement to query a date field by using Start Date and End Date text boxes on the query form. Records whose start and end dates fall between the values that you specify on the query form are returned. If you omit a Start Date value on the form, however, the query returns all records, regardless of the End Date value.
- Like Forms!
FormName!ControlName& "*" Or Is Null
This criteria statement returns both records that match the criteria and records that are null. If the criteria are null, all the records are returned. Note that the asterisk (*) is considered a parameter because it is part of a larger Like expression. Because the asterisk is a hard-coded criteria value (for example, Like "*"), records with null values are returned.
- Like IIf(IsNull(Forms!
FormName![ControlName]), _
"*",[Forms]![FormName]![ControlName])
This criteria statement returns all the records that match the criteria. If no criteria are specified in the query form, all records that are not null are returned.
- IIf(IsNull(Forms!
FormName![ControlName]), _
[FieldName],[Forms]![FormName]![ControlName])
This returns all the records that match the criteria. If no criteria are specified in the query form, all records that are not null are returned (the same result as in the example above).
For additional information about parameter queries, click the article numbers below to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
210530 ACC2000: How to Create a Parameter In() Statement
209261 ACC2000: Showing All Records (Including Null) in a Parameter Query
Additional query words: qbe query by example
Keywords: kbhowto kbinfo kbprogramming KB209645
