Microsoft KB Archive/109619

HOWTO: Share All Data in a DLL

Q109619

The information in this article applies to:

Microsoft Win32 Application Programming Interface (API), included with:
- Microsoft Windows NT Server versions 3.5, 3.51, 4.0
- Microsoft Windows NT Workstation versions 3.5, 3.51, 4.0
- Microsoft Windows 95
- the operating system: Microsoft Windows 2000

SUMMARY

Win32 dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) use instance data by default, meaning that each application that uses a DLL gets its own copy of the DLL's data. However, it is possible to share the DLL data among all applications that use the DLL.

If you need to share only some of the DLL data, Microsoft recommends creating a new section and sharing it instead.
If you want to share all of the DLL static data, it is important to do two things:

First, the DLL must use the DLL version of the C run-time (for example Crtdll.lib or Msvcrt.lib). Please see your product documentation for more information about using the C run-time in a DLL.

NOTE: Crtdll.lib is no longer part of the SDK, starting with Windows NT 3.51. It was last released on the April 1995 MSDN 3.5 SDK. Win32 now requires users to specify their own version of C run-time LIBs supplied by their own compiler vender.
Second, you need to specify that both .data and .bss are shared. Often, this is done in the "SECTIONS" portion of the .def file. For example:
```
   SECTIONS
      .bss  READ WRITE SHARED
      .data READ WRITE SHARED 
```
If you are using Visual C++ 32-bit Edition, you must specify this using the -section switch on the linker. For example:
```
link -section:.data,rws -section:.bss,rws 
```

Only static data is shared. Memory allocated dynamically with calls to such APIs/functions as GlobalAlloc() and malloc() are still specific to the calling process.

The system tries to load the shared memory block at the same address in each process. However, if the block cannot be loaded into the same memory address, the system maps the shared section into a different memory address. The memory is still shared. Note that the pointers inside the shared section are invalid under this circumstance and cannot be placed in shared sections.

MORE INFORMATION

The C run-time uses global variables. If the CRT is statically linked to the DLL, these variables will be shared among all clients of the DLL and will most likely cause an exception c0000005.

You need to specify both .data and .bss as shared because they each hold different types of data. The .data section holds initialized data and the .bss section holds the uninitialized data.

One reason for sharing all data in a DLL is to have consistent behavior in the DLL between Win32 (running on Windows NT) and Win32s (running on Windows 3.1). When running on Win32s, a 32-bit DLL shares its data among all of the processes that use the DLL.

Note that it is not necessary to share all data to behave identically between Win32 and Win32s. The DLL can use thread local storage (TLS) on Win32s to store variables as instance data.

For additional information, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

Q109620 Creating Instance Data in a Win32s DLL

Additional query words: 3.10 3.50

Keywords : kbDLL kbIPC kbKernBase kbOSWin2000 kbDSupport kbGrpDSKernBase
Issue type : kbhowto
Technology : kbAudDeveloper kbWin32sSearch kbWin32API