Article ID: 43526
Article Last Modified on 11/21/2006
APPLIES TO
- Microsoft QuickBasic 4.0
- Microsoft QuickBASIC 4.0b
- Microsoft QuickBasic 4.5 for MS-DOS
This article was previously published under Q43526
SUMMARY
The PMAP FUNCTION can be used to map physical VIEW port coordinates to WINDOW coordinates, or WINDOW coordinates to VIEW port coordinates. When mapping physical coordinates of a VIEW port to the WINDOW coordinates, to ensure that correct results are obtained for all WINDOW coordinates, the value returned by PMAP should be assigned to a SINGLE or DOUBLE PRECISION variable. If assigned to an INTEGER variable, incorrect values can result, depending on the WINDOW coordinates assigned to the VIEW port.
This information applies to Microsoft QuickBasic Versions 4.00, 4.00b, 4.50, Microsoft Basic Compiler Versions 6.00 and 6.00b for MS-DOS and OS/2, and Microsoft Basic PDS Version 7.00 for MS-DOS and MS OS/2.
MORE INFORMATION
When a VIEW port is defined, the physical coordinates refer to the actual SCREEN coordinates that are contained within the VIEW port. The following is a two-step illustration:
- SCREEN mode 2 has a resolution of 640 x 200. The physical coordinates of a VIEW port defined as "VIEW (20, 20) - (40, 40)" are 0 to 20 for both X and Y values. A "PSET(10, 10)" would turn on the pixel at VIEW port coordinates (10,10), which correspond to actual SCREEN coordinates of (30,30).
- If a WINDOW function is now performed, e.g. WINDOW (0, 0) - (10, 10), the physical coordinates remain the same, but a "PSET(10, 10)" would turn on the pixel at VIEW port coordinates (20, 20), which correspond to actual screen coordinates of (40, 40).
The problem occurs when a WINDOW statement defines coordinates for a VIEW port for which each of the physical coordinates do not map to "WHOLE NUMBER" coordinates. The following is an illustration:
SCREEN 2
VIEW (5, 0) - (10, 5) 'Defines a 6 x 6 VIEW port with
'physical coordinates of (0,0) to (5,5)
WINDOW SCREEN (0,0)-(1,1) 'SCREEN places (0,0) at upper-left corner
The coordinates from the above three lines of code would map to each other as follows:
SCREEN X-Coordinates: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
VIEW X-Coordinates: 0 1 2 3 4 5
WINDOW X-Coordinates: 0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1
Using the above chart: VIEW Coordinates WINDOW Coordinates
---------------- ------------------
0 maps to 0
1 maps to .2
2 maps to .4
PMAP(Xview, 3) 3 maps to .6
4 maps to .8
5 maps to 1
WINDOW Coordinates VIEW Coordinates
------------------ ----------------
0 maps to 0
.2 maps to 1
PMAP(Xwindow, 1) .4 maps to 2
.6 maps to 3
.8 maps to 4
1 maps to 5
IF the value of PMAP(Xview, 3) is assigned to a SINGLE or DOUBLE precision variable, the correct value is obtained:
Xmap! = PMAP(1, 3) 'Xmap! would equal .2
If the value of PMAP(Xview, 3) is assigned to an INTEGER, a correct value is returned, but the INTEGER variable rounds the returned value up or down to the nearest INTEGER value, thus giving an incorrect mapping:
Xmap% = PMAP(1, 3) 'Xmap% would equal 0, when the correct
'mapped value is .2 as shown above
Code Example
The following program demonstrates the potential problem. It defines a VIEW port of 21 x 21 at SCREEN coordinates of (20, 20) to (40, 40), and then defines WINDOW coordinates of (0, 0) to (10, 10), which demonstrates a situation where INTEGERS won't work. The window is then redefined using WINDOW coordinates of (0, 0) to (20, 20), which demonstrates a situation where INTEGERS will work:
SCREEN 2
VIEW (20, 20)-(40, 40)
FOR n% = 1 TO 2
wxy% = n% * 10
WINDOW SCREEN (0, 0)-(wxy%, wxy%)
PRINT "VIEW (20, 20)-(40, 40) YmapReal = PMAP(I%,3)"
PRINT "WINDOW SCREEN (0, 0)-("; wxy%; ","; wxy%; ") YmapInt% =
PMAP(I%,3)"
PRINT
PRINT "I% PMAP(YmapReal, 1) PMAP(YmapInt%, 1)"
FOR I% = 0 TO 9
Ymapreal = PMAP(I%, 3) 'Maps I% to VIEW coordinates, assigns to
'REAL
YmapInt% = PMAP(I%, 3) 'Maps I% to VIEW coordinates, assigns to
'INTEGER
RemapFromReal = PMAP(Ymapreal, 1) 'Remaps Back to Physical
'coordinates
RemapFromInt = PMAP(YmapInt%, 1) 'and should be equal to I%
PRINT I%, RemapFromReal;
IF RemapFromReal <> RemapFromInt THEN
PRINT " <- NOT EQUAL -> ";
ELSE
PRINT " ";
END IF
PRINT RemapFromInt
NEXT I%
PRINT
NEXT n%
END
*********** PROGRAM OUTPUT **********
VIEW (20, 20)-(40, 40) YmapReal = PMAP(I%,3)
WINDOW SCREEN (0, 0)-( 10 , 10 ) YmapInt% = PMAP(I%,3)
I% PMAP(YmapReal, 1) PMAP(YmapInt%, 1)
0 0 0
1 1 <- NOT EQUAL -> 0
2 2 2
3 3 <- NOT EQUAL -> 4
4 4 4
5 5 <- NOT EQUAL -> 4
6 6 6
7 7 <- NOT EQUAL -> 8
8 8 8
9 9 <- NOT EQUAL -> 8
VIEW (20, 20)-(40, 40) YmapReal = PMAP(I%,3)
WINDOW SCREEN (0, 0)-( 20 , 20 ) YmapInt% = PMAP(I%,3)
I% PMAP(YmapReal, 1) PMAP(YmapInt%, 1)
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 8
9 9 9
Additional query words: QuickBas BasicCom
Keywords: KB43526
