Microsoft KB Archive/94314

= 32-Bit Flat Memory Model MASM Code for Windows NT =

Article ID: 94314

Article Last Modified on 11/15/2003

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APPLIES TO


 * Microsoft Macro Assembler 6.11 Standard Edition

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This article was previously published under Q94314



SUMMARY
The Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM) versions 6.0a and later support generating 32-bit flat memory model code through the .MODEL flat directive. When combined with the CVTOMF and LINK32 utilities and the KERNEL32.LIB library distributed with the Windows NT software development kit (SDK) or the LINK utility and the KERNEL32.LIB library distributed with Microsoft Visual C++ for Windows NT, MASM can generate a 32-bit flat memory model application for the Windows NT environment.

Because MASM version 6.0 does not properly support the _stdcall convention, it cannot be used to generate applications for the Windows NT environment.



MORE INFORMATION
Given some MASM code in a file named FLAT32.ASM where its entry point is _start, to assemble this code into a 32-bit flat memory model application for the Windows NT environment, perform the following four steps:  Place the .386 or .486 directive in the code prior to the .MODEL flat, stdcall directive to ensure that the code and data segments are correctly initialized for a 32-bit flat memory model application. Assemble the source code using the following command:

ML /c flat32.asm.

The /c assembler option prevents the MASM from invoking the 16-bit linker provided with MASM. For MASM 6.0a or 6.0b, use the CVTOMF utility provided with the Windows NT SDK to convert the generated object files from OMF format to COFF format. The command is as follows:

cvtomf flat32.obj

This step is unnecessary with MASM version 6.1 and later if you use the /coff switch because it will produce a COFF format object file. Use the LINK32 utility provided with the Windows NT SDK or LINK utility provided with Visual C++ for Windows NT to link the object modules. Specify a path to KERNEL32.LIB. The command line is as follows:

link32 -subsystem:console -entry:_start -out:flat32.exe flat32.obj kernel32.lib

To create an executable module that contains symbolic debugging information, add the -Zi switch to the assembler options (Step 2) and add the following switches to the linker command line: -debug:full -debugtype:cv.

If you are using LINK32 from the Windows NT SDK, do not use the INCLUDELIB directive and do not place the starting label after the END directive in the MASM code. The LINK32 utility provided with the Windows NT SDK ignores the default library names in object files and requires the -entry switch on the linker command line to specify the starting address.

Windows NT does not support the MLX driver provided with MASM versions 6.0a and 6.0b. Also, Windows NT does not support the MS-DOS-extender used by MASM versions 6.1 and 6.1a. Therefore, it may be necessary to perform the assembly step on a machine running MS-DOS while the other steps run on a machine running Windows NT. Another option is to upgrade to MASM version 6.11.

The code below is a &quot;Hello, world&quot; application developed in assembler to use the 32-bit flat memory model of Windows NT.

Sample Code
; Assemble options needed: /c

.386 .MODEL flat, stdcall

STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE EQU -11

GetStdHandle PROTO NEAR32 stdcall, nStdHandle:DWORD

WriteFile PROTO NEAR32 stdcall, hFile:DWORD, lpBuffer:NEAR32, nNumberOfBytesToWrite:DWORD, lpNumberOfBytesWritten:NEAR32, lpOverlapped:NEAR32

ExitProcess PROTO NEAR32 stdcall, dwExitCode:DWORD

.STACK 4096

.DATA

msg DB &quot;Hello, world.&quot;, 13, 10 written DW 0 hStdOut DD 0

.CODE _start: INVOKE GetStdHandle, STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE     ; Standard output handle mov hStdOut, eax

INVOKE WriteFile, hStdOut,              ; File handle for screen NEAR32 PTR msg,       ; Address of string LENGTHOF msg,         ; Length of string NEAR32 PTR written,   ; Bytes written 0                     ; Overlapped mode

INVOKE ExitProcess, 0                     ; Result code for parent process

PUBLIC _start END

Additional query words: kbinf 6.00a 6.00b 6.10 p_w32dev

Keywords: KB94314

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