Microsoft KB Archive/234868

= Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition Msdosdrv.txt File =

Article ID: 234868

Article Last Modified on 1/24/2007

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APPLIES TO


 * Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition

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This article was previously published under Q234868



SUMMARY
This article contains a copy of the information in the Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition Msdosdrv.txt file for MS-DOS Device Drivers included with Windows 98 Second Edition.



MORE INFORMATION
- Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition README for MS-DOS Device Drivers April 1999 -

(c) Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1999

This document provides complementary or late-breaking information to supplement the Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition documentation.

How to Use This Document

To view Msdosdrv.txt on-screen in Notepad, maximize the Notepad window.

To print Msdosdrv.txt, open it in Notepad or another word processor, and then on the File menu, click Print.

In syntax lines, except where noted, lowercase text signifies replaceable parameters and uppercase text signifies text that must be typed as it appears.

NOTE: The Config.txt file contains more Help for MS-DOS commands. In addition, you can type the name of the command at the command prompt, followed by a slash and question mark (/?). For example: CHKDSK /?

If you have the Windows 98 Second Edition CD, you can get additional help on MS-DOS commands, including syntax and examples. You can load the MS-DOS 6.0 help file by browsing the \tools\oldmsdos folder, and then clicking Help.

CONTENTS

ANSI.SYS

DBLBUFF.SYS - DOUBLE BUFFERING

DISPLAY.SYS

DRVSPACE.SYS, DBLSPACE.SYS

EMM386.EXE

HIMEM.SYS

RAMDRIVE.SYS

SETVER.EXE

ANSI.SYS

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NOTE: In this section, uppercase letters in syntax and ANSI escape sequences indicate text you must type exactly as it appears.

ANSI.SYS defines functions that change display graphics, controls cursor movement, and reassigns keys. The ANSI.SYS device driver supports ANSI terminal emulation of escape sequences to control your system's screen and keyboard.

This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your CONFIG.SYS file.

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]ANSI.SYS [/X] [/K] [/R]

Parameter

[drive:][path] Specifies the location of the ANSI.SYS file.

Switches

/X Remaps extended keys independently on 101-key keyboards.

/K Causes ANSI.SYS to treat a 101-key keyboard like an 84-key keyboard. It is equivalent to the command SWITCHES=/K. If you usually use the SWITCHES=/K command, you will need to use the /K switch with ANSI.SYS.

/R Adjusts line scrolling to improve readability when ANSI.SYS is used with screen-reading programs (which     make computers more accessible to people with      disabilities).

Parameters used in ANSI escape sequences:

Pn Numeric parameter. Specifies a decimal number.

Ps Selective parameter. Specifies a decimal number that you use to select a function. You can specify more than one function by separating the parameters with semicolons.

PL Line parameter. Specifies a decimal number that represents one of the lines on your screen or on    another device.

Pc Column parameter. Specifies a decimal number that represents one of the columns on your screen or on    another device.

ANSI escape sequences for cursor movement, graphics, and keyboard settings:

In the following list of ANSI escape sequences, the abbreviation ESC represents the ASCII escape character 27 (1Bh), which appears at the beginning of each escape sequence.

ESC[PL;PcH Cursor Position: Moves the cursor to the specified position (coordinates). If you do not specify a    position, the cursor moves to the home position--the upper-left corner of the screen (line 0, column 0). This escape sequence works the same way as the following Cursor Position escape sequence.

ESC[PL;Pcf Cursor Position: Works the same way as the preceding Cursor Position escape sequence.

ESC[PnA Cursor Up: Moves the cursor up by the specified number of lines without changing columns. If the cursor is    already on the top line, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence.

ESC[PnB Cursor Down: Moves the cursor down by the specified number of lines without changing columns. If the cursor is already on the bottom line, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence.

ESC[PnC Cursor Forward: Moves the cursor forward by the specified number of columns without changing lines. If the cursor is already in the far right column, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence.

ESC[PnD Cursor Backward: Moves the cursor backward by the specified number of columns without changing lines. If    the cursor is already in the far left column, ANSI.SYS ignores this sequence.

ESC[s Save Cursor Position: Saves the current cursor position. You can move the cursor to the saved cursor position by    using the Restore Cursor Position sequence.

ESC[u Restore Cursor Position: Returns the cursor to the position stored by the Save Cursor Position sequence.

ESC[2J Erase Display: Clears the screen and moves the cursor to the home position (line 0, column 0).

ESC[K Erase Line: Clears all characters from the cursor position to the end of the line (including the character    located at the cursor position).

ESC[Ps;...;Psm Set Graphics Mode: Calls the graphics functions specified by the following values. These specified functions remain active until the next occurrence of this escape sequence. Graphics mode changes the colors and attributes of text (such as bold and underline) displayed on the screen.

Text attributes

Value    Function 0   All attributes off 1   Bold on       4    Underscore (on monochrome display adapter only) 5   Blink on       7    Reverse video on       8    Concealed on

Foreground colors

Value    Function 30   Black 31   Red 32   Green 33   Yellow 34   Blue 35   Magenta 36   Cyan 37   White

Background colors

Value    Function 40   Black 41   Red 42   Green 43   Yellow 44   Blue 45   Magenta 46   Cyan 47   White

Parameters 30 through 47 meet the ISO 6429 standard.

ESC[=psh Set Mode: Changes the screen width or type to the mode specified by one of the following values:

0     40 x 148 x 25 monochrome (text) 1     40 x 148 x 25 color (text) 2     80 x 148 x 25 monochrome (text) 3     80 x 148 x 25 color (text) 4     320 x 148 x 200 4-color (graphics) 5     320 x 148 x 200 monochrome (graphics) 6     640 x 148 x 200 monochrome (graphics) 7     Enables line wrapping 13     320 x 148 x 200 color (graphics) 14     640 x 148 x 200 color (16-color graphics) 15     640 x 148 x 350 monochrome (2-color graphics) 16     640 x 148 x 350 color (16-color graphics) 17     640 x 148 x 480 monochrome (2-color graphics) 18     640 x 148 x 480 color (16-color graphics) 19     320 x 148 x 200 color (256-color graphics)

ESC[=Psl Reset Mode: Resets the mode by using the same values that Set Mode uses, except for 7, which disables line wrapping.

NOTE: The last character in this escape sequence is    a lowercase L.

ESC[code;string;...p   Set Keyboard Strings: Redefines a keyboard key to a     specified string. The parameters for this escape sequence are defined as follows:

- Code is one or more of the values listed in the following table. These values represent keyboard keys and key combinations. When you use these values in a       command, you must type the semicolons  shown in        this table in addition to the semicolons required by        the escape sequence. The codes in parentheses are not available on some keyboards. ANSI.SYS will not interpret the codes in parentheses for those keyboards unless you specify the /X switch in the DEVICE command for ANSI.SYS.

- String is either the ASCII code for a single character or a string contained in quotation marks ("). For example,       both 65 and "A" can be used to represent an uppercase A.

IMPORTANT: Some of the values in the following table are not valid for all computers. Check your computer documentation for values that are different.

Key                    Code      SHIFT+code  CTRL+code  ALT+code --

F1                     0;59      0;84        0;94       0;104

F2                     0;60      0;85        0;95       0;105

F3                     0;61      0;86        0;96       0;106

F4                     0;62      0;87        0;97       0;107

F5                     0;63      0;88        0;98       0;108

F6                     0;64      0;89        0;99       0;109

F7                     0;65      0;90        0;100      0;110

F8                     0;66      0;91        0;101      0;111

F9                     0;67      0;92        0;102      0;112

F10                    0;68      0;93        0;103      0;113

F11                    0;133     0;135       0;137      0;139

F12                    0;134     0;136       0;138      0;140

HOME (numeric keypad)  0;71      55          0;119      --

UP ARROW (numeric      0;72      56          (0;141)    -- keypad)

PAGE UP (numeric       0;73      57          0;132      -- keypad)

LEFT ARROW (numeric    0;75      52          0;115      -- keypad)

RIGHT ARROW (numeric   0;77      54          0;116      -- keypad)

END (numeric keypad)   0;79      49          0;117      --

DOWN ARROW (numeric    0;80      50          (0;145)    -- keypad)

PAGE DOWN (numeric     0;81      51          0;118      -- keypad)

INSERT (numeric keypad) 0;82     48          (0;146)    --

DELETE (numeric        0;83      46          (0;147)    -- keypad)

HOME                   (224;71)  (224;71)    (224;119)  (224;151)

UP ARROW               (224;72)  (224;72)    (224;141)  (224;152)

PAGE UP                (224;73)  (224;73)    (224;132)  (224;153)

LEFT ARROW             (224;75)  (224;75)    (224;115)  (224;155)

RIGHT ARROW            (224;77)  (224;77)    (224;116)  (224;157)

END                    (224;79)  (224;79)    (224;117)  (224;159)

DOWN ARROW             (224;80)  (224;80)    (224;145)  (224;154)

PAGE DOWN              (224;81)  (224;81)    (224;118)  (224;161)

INSERT                 (224;82)  (224;82)    (224;146)  (224;162)

DELETE                 (224;83)  (224;83)    (224;147)  (224;163)

PRINT SCREEN           --        --          0;114      --

PAUSE/BREAK            --        --          0;0        --

BACKSPACE              8         8           127        (0)

ENTER                  13        --          10         (0

TAB                    9         0;15        (0;148)    (0;165)

NULL                   0;3       --          --         --

A                      97        65          1          0;30

B                      98        66          2          0;48

C                      99        66          3          0;46

D                      100       68          4          0;32

E                      101       69          5          0;18

F                      102       70          6          0;33

G                      103       71          7          0;34

H                      104       72          8          0;35

I                      105       73          9          0;23

J                      106       74          10         0;36

K                      107       75          11         0;37

L                      108       76          12         0;38

M                      109       77          13         0;50

N                      110       78          14         0;49

O                      111       79          15         0;24

P                      112       80          16         0;25

Q                      113       81          17         0;16

R                      114       82          18         0;19

S                      115       83          19         0;31

T                      116       84          20         0;20

U                      117       85          21         0;22

V                      118       86          22         0;47

W                      119       87          23         0;17

X                      120       88          24         0;45

Y                      121       89          25         0;21

Z                      122       90          26         0;44

1                      49        33          --         0;120

2                      50        64          0          0;121

3                      51        35          --         0;122

4                      52        36          --         0;123

5                      53        37          --         0;124

6                      54        94          30         0;125

7                      55        38          --         0;126

8                      56        42          --         0;126

9                      57        40          --         0;127

0                      48        41          --         0;129

-                      45        95          31         0;130

=                      61        43          ---        0;131

[                      91        123         27         0;26

]                      93        125         29         0;27

92       124         28         0;43


 * 59       58          --         0;39

'                      39        34          --         0;40

,                      44        60          --         0;51

.                      46        62          --         0;52

/                      47        63          --         0;53

`                      96        126         --         (0;41)

ENTER (numeric keypad) 13        --          10         (0;166)

/ (numeric keypad)     47        47          (0;142)    (0;74)


 * (numeric keypad)     42        (0;144)     (0;78)     --

- (numeric keypad)     45        45          (0;149)    (0;164)

+ (numeric keypad)     43        43          (0;150)    (0;55)

5 (numeric keypad)     (0;76)    53          (0;143)    --

DBLBUFF.SYS - DOUBLE BUFFERING

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=================

DBLBUFF.SYS loads the Dblbuff.sys device driver to perform double-buffering. Double-buffering provides compatibility for many hard disk controllers during real-mode MS-DOS booting. Once the 32-bit native Windows 98 drivers are loaded, the real-mode double buffering is no longer used.

Double buffering does not affect system performance once 32-bit disk drivers are loaded. Although it can add approximately one-half second to boot time, if your system has this set, it is probably needed to ensure the data integrity of your hard disk. Removing this setting when it is needed can cause data corruption on your disk. If this is set in your MSDOS.SYS file by Windows 98 Second Edition setup, you should not remove it.

If Windows Setup determines that your system may need double-buffering, it adds a DoubleBuffer=1 entry to the [Options] section of MSDOS.SYS, so that DBLBUFF.SYS loads automatically. To manually set up double-buffering, you can either add the above entry to MSDOS.SYS or add a DEVICE command in your CONFIG.SYS file.

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]DBLBUFF.SYS [/D+]

Parameters

[drive:][path] Specifies the location of the DBLBUFF.SYS file.

/D+ Instructs DBLBUFF.SYS to double-buffer all disk I/O all the time. By default, DBLBUFF.SYS double-buffers only I/O to UMBs and automatically stops double-buffering if it appears to be unnecessary.

DISPLAY.SYS

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DISPLAY.SYS enables the display of international character sets on EGA, VGA, and LCD monitors. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your CONFIG.SYS file.

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,n]])

DEVICE=[drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,(n,m)]])

Parameters

[drive:][path] Specifies the location of the DISPLAY.SYS file.

type Specifies the display adapter in use. Valid values include EGA and LCD. The EGA value supports both EGA and VGA display adapters. You can also specify CGA and MONO as values for type, but they have no effect because character-set switching is not enabled for these devices.

If you omit the type parameter, DISPLAY.SYS checks the hardware to determine which display adapter is in use.

hwcp Specifies the number of the character set that your hardware supports. The following list shows the character sets that MS-DOS supports and the country or language for each:

437   United States 850   Multilingual (Latin I)        852    Slavic (Latin II) 860   Portuguese 863   Canadian-French 865   Nordic

Additional character sets are supported by the EGA2.CPI and EGA3.CPI files.

n Specifies the number of character sets the hardware can support in addition to the primary character set specified for the hwcp parameter. Valid values for n    are in the range 0 through 6. This value depends on   your hardware. For EGA display adapters, the maximum value for n is 6; for LCD display adapters, the maximum value for n is 1.

m Specifies the number of subfonts the hardware supports for each code page. The default value is 2 if type is EGA, and 1 if type is LCD.

DBLSPACE.SYS

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Determines the final memory location of DBLSPACE.BIN, the part of MS-DOS that provides access to your compressed drives.

DBLSPACE.SYS loads the real-mode driver into upper memory blocks. This action can save up to 100K of conventional memory when you run Windows 98 Second Edition in real mode.

When you start your computer, Windows loads DBLSPACE.BIN along with other operating system functions, before it carries out the commands in your Config.sys and Autoexec.bat files. DBLSPACE.SYS initially loads in conventional memory because it loads before the device drivers that provide access to upper memory.

When you use DoubleSpace to create a compressed drive on your computer, the program adds a command for DBLSPACE.SYS to your Config.sys file.

In the following syntax, for DBLSPACE type the file name for the program you choose.

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]DBLSPACE.SYS /MOVE [/NOHMA] [/LOW]

DEVICEHIGH=[drive:][path]DBLSPACE.SYS /MOVE [/NOHMA] [/LOW]

Switches

/MOVE Moves DBLSPACE.BIN to its final location in memory.

Initially, DBLSPACE.BIN loads at the top of    conventional memory. After Windows finishes carrying out the commands in the Config.sys file, it moves DBLSPACE.BIN to the bottom of conventional memory. When DBLSPACE.SYS is loaded by the DEVICE command, Windows moves DBLSPACE.BIN from the top of conventional memory to the bottom. This move can be useful for avoiding conflicts with programs that are loaded from the Config.sys file and require access to the top of    conventional memory.

When DBLSPACE.SYS is loaded by the DEVICEHIGH command, DBLSPACE.BIN moves to upper memory, if available. Moving DBLSPACE.BIN to upper memory makes more conventional memory available.

/NOHMA Prevents DBLSPACE.SYS from moving a portion of    DBLSPACE.BIN to the high memory area (HMA).

If MS-DOS is loaded into the HMA, DBLSPACE.SYS moves a portion of DBLSPACE.BIN to the HMA (if    there is enough room in the HMA). Use this switch if you do not want DBLSPACE.BIN to use the HMA.

/LOW Prevents DBLSPACE.SYS from loading at the top of    conventional memory. Use this switch if you have an MS-DOS-based program that does not support DoubleSpace at the top of conventional memory. Use of this switch will prevent Windows from reusing the memory occupied by DBLSPACE.sys.

Parameter

[drive:][path] Specifies the location of the DBLSPACE.SYS file.

DRVSPACE.SYS

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Determines the final memory location of DRVSPACE.BIN, the part of MS-DOS that provides access to your compressed drives.

DBLSPACE.SYS loads the real-mode driver into upper memory blocks. This action can save up to 100K of conventional memory when you run Windows 98 Second Edition in real mode.

When you start your computer, Windows loads DRVSPACE.BIN, along with other operating system functions, before it carries out the commands in your Config.sys and Autoexec.bat files. DRVSPACE.BIN initially loads in conventional memory because it loads before the device drivers that provide access to upper memory.

When you use DriveSpace to create a compressed drive on your computer, the program adds a command for DRVSPACE.SYS to your Config.sys file.

In the following syntax, for DRVSPACE type the file name for the program you choose.

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]DRVSPACE.SYS /MOVE [/NOHMA] [/LOW]

DEVICEHIGH=[drive:][path]DRVSPACE.SYS /MOVE [/NOHMA] [/LOW]

Switches

/MOVE Moves DRVSPACE.BIN to its final location in memory.

Initially, DRVSPACE.BIN loads at the top of    conventional memory. After Windows finishes carrying out the commands in the Config.sys file, it moves DRVSPACE.BIN to the bottom of conventional memory. When DRVSPACE.SYS is loaded by the DEVICE command, Windows moves DRVSPACE.BIN from the top of conventional memory to the bottom. This move can be useful for avoiding conflicts with programs that are loaded from the Config.sys file and require access to the top of    conventional memory.

When DRVSPACE.SYS is loaded by the DEVICEHIGH command, DRVSPACE.BIN moves to upper memory, if available. Moving DRVSPACE.BIN to upper memory makes more conventional memory available.

/NOHMA Prevents DRVSPACE.SYS from moving a portion of    DRVSPACE.BIN to the high memory area (HMA).

If MS-DOS is loaded into the HMA, DRVSPACE.SYS moves a portion of DRVSPACE.BIN to the HMA (if    there is enough room in the HMA). Use this switch if you do not want DRVSPACE.BIN to use the HMA.

/LOW Prevents DRVSPACE.SYS from loading at the top of    conventional memory. Use this switch if you have an MS-DOS-based program that does not support DriveSpace or DoubleSpace at the top of conventional memory. Use of this switch will prevent Windows from reusing the memory occupied by DRVSPACE.sys.

Parameter

[drive:][path] Specifies the location of the DRVSPACE.SYS file.

EMM386.EXE

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EMM386.ext provides access to the upper memory area and uses extended memory to simulate expanded memory. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE command in your Config.sys file and can be used only on computers that have an 80386 or higher processor.

EMM386 also makes it possible to load programs and device drivers into upper memory blocks (UMBs).

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]EMM386.EXE [ON|OFF|AUTO] [memory] [MIN=size] [W=ON|W=OFF] [Mx|FRAME=address|/Pmmmm] [Pn=address] [X=mmmm-nnnn] [I=mmmm-nnnn] [B=address] [L=minXMS] [A=altregs] [H=handles] [D=nnn] [RAM=mmmm-nnnn] [NOEMS] [NOVCPI] [HIGHSCAN] [VERBOSE] [WIN=mmmm-nnnn] [NOHI] [ROM=mmmm-nnnn] [NOMOVEXBDA] [ALTBOOT] [NOBACKFILL]

Parameters

[drive:][path] Specifies the location of the EMM386.exe file.

[ON|OFF|AUTO] Activates the EMM386 device driver (if set to ON), or suspends the EMM386 device driver (if set to OFF), or places the EMM386 device driver in auto mode (if    set to AUTO). Auto mode enables expanded-memory support and upper-memory-block support only when a program calls for it. The default value is ON. Use the EMM386 command to change this value after EMM386 has started.

memory Specifies the maximum amount of extended memory (in kilobytes) that you want EMM386 to provide as    expanded/Virtual Control Program Interface (EMS/VCPI) memory. This amount is in addition to the memory used for UMBs and EMM386 itself. Values for memory are in    the range 64 through the lesser of either 32768 or     the amount of extended memory available when EMM386 is loaded. The default value is the amount of free extended memory. If you specify the NOEMS switch, the default value is 0. EMM386 rounds the value down to    the nearest multiple of 16.

Switches

MIN=size Specifies the minimum amount of EMS/VCPI memory (in kilobytes) that EMM386 will provide, if that amount of memory is available. EMM386 reserves this amount of extended memory for use as EMS/VCPI memory when EMM386 is loaded by the DEVICE=EMM386.EXE command in your Config.sys file. EMM386 may be able to provide additional EMS/VCPI memory (up to the    amount specified by the MEMORY parameter) if     sufficient XMS memory is available when a program requests EMS/VCPI memory. Values are in the range 0 through the value specified by the MEMORY parameter. The default value is 256. If you specify the NOEMS switch, the default value is 0. If the value of    MIN is greater than the value of MEMORY, EMM386 uses the value specified by MIN.

W=ON|W=OFF Enables or disables support for the Weitek co-processor. The default setting is W=OFF.

Mx Specifies the address of the page frame. Valid values for x are in the range 1 through 14. The following list shows each value and its associated base address in hexadecimal format:

1 => C000h    8 => DC00h 2 => C400h    9 => E000h 3 => C800h   10 => 8000h 4 => CC00h   11 => 8400h 5 => D000h   12 => 8800h 6 => D400h   13 => 8C00h 7 => D800h   14 => 9000h

Values in the range 10 through 14 should be used only on computers that have at least 512K of memory.

FRAME=address Specifies the page-frame segment base directly. To specify a specific segment-base address for the page frame, use the FRAME switch and specify the address you want. Valid values for address are in the ranges 8000h through 9000h and C000h through E000h, in increments of 400h. To   provide expanded memory and disable the page frame, you can specify FRAME=NONE; however, this setting may cause some programs that require expanded memory to work incorrectly.

/Pmmmm Specifies the address of the page frame. Valid values for mmmm are in the ranges 8000h through 9000h and C000h through E000h, in increments of   400h.

Pn=address Specifies the segment address of a specific page, where n is the number of the page you are specifying and address is the segment address you want. Valid values for n are in the range 0 through 255. Valid values for address are in the ranges 8000h through 9C00h and C000h through EC00h, in increments of 400h. The addresses for pages 0 through 3 must be contiguous to maintain compatibility with version 3.2 of the Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification (LIM EMS). If you use the Mx switch, the FRAME switch, or the /Pmmmm switch, you cannot specify the addresses for pages 0 through 3 for the /Pmmmm switch.

X=mmmm-nnnn Prevents EMM386 from using a particular range of    segment addresses for an EMS page or for UMBs. Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4K boundary. The X switch takes precedence over the I switch if the two ranges overlap.

I=mmmm-nnnn Specifies a range of segment addresses to be used (included) for an EMS page or for UMBs. Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4K boundary. The X switch takes precedence over the I switch if the two ranges overlap.

B=address Specifies the lowest segment address available for EMS "banking" (swapping of 16K pages). Valid values are in the range 1000h through 4000h. The default value is 4000h.

l=minXMS Ensures that the specified amount (in kilobytes) of extended memory will still be available after EMM386 is loaded. The default value is 0.

A=altregs Specifies how many fast alternate register sets (used for multitasking) you want to allocate to    EMM386. Valid values are in the range 0 through 254. The default value is 7. Every alternate register set adds about 200 bytes to the size in memory of    EMM386.

H=handles Specifies how many handles EMM386 can use. Valid values are in the range 2 through 255. The default value is 64.

D=nnn Specifies how many kilobytes of memory should be    reserved for buffered direct memory access (DMA). Discounting floppy disk DMA, this value should reflect the largest DMA transfer that will occur while EMM386 is active. Valid values for nnn are in the range 16 through 256. The default value is 32.

RAM=mmmm-nnnn Specifies a range of segment addresses to be used for UMBs; also enables EMS support. If you do    not specify a range, EMM386 uses all available adapter space to create UMBs and a page frame for EMS.

NOEMS Provides access to the upper memory area but prevents access to expanded memory.

NOVCPI Disables support for VCPI programs. This switch must be used with the NOEMS switch. If you specify the NOVCPI switch without specifying the NOEMS switch, EMM386 does not disable VCPI support. If you specify both switches, EMM386 disregards the MEMORY parameter and the MIN switch. Disabling support for VCPI programs reduces the amount of extended memory allocated.

HIGHSCAN Specifies that EMM386 use an additional check to determine the availability of upper memory for use as UMBs or EMS windows. On some computers, specifying this switch may have no    effect or might cause EMM386 to identify upper memory areas as available when they are not. As a   result, your computer may stop responding.

VERBOSE Directs EMM386 to display status and error messages while loading. By default, EMM386 displays messages only if it encounters an error condition. You can abbreviate VERBOSE as V. (To display status    messages without adding the VERBOSE switch, press     and hold the ALT key while EMM386 starts and loads.)

WIN=mmmm-nnnn Reserves a specified range of segment addresses for Windows instead of for EMM386. Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4K boundary. The X switch takes precedence over the WIN switch if the two ranges overlap. The WIN switch takes precedence over the RAM, ROM, and I   switches if their ranges overlap.

[NOHI] Prevents EMM386 from loading into the upper memory area. Normally, a portion of EMM386 is    loaded into upper memory. Specifying this switch decreases available conventional memory and increases the upper memory area available for UMBs.

[ROM=mmmm-nnnn] Specifies a range of segment addresses that EMM386 uses for shadow RAM--random-access memory used for read-only memory (ROM). Valid values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4K boundary. Specifying this switch may speed up your system if it does not already have shadow RAM.

[NOMOVEXBDA] Prevents EMM386 from moving the extended BIOS data from conventional memory to upper memory.

[ALTBOOT] Specifies that EMM386 use an alternate handler to    restart your computer when you press CTRL+ALT+DEL. Use this switch only if your computer stops responding or exhibits other unusual behavior when EMM386 is loaded and you press CTRL+ALT+DEL.

[NOBACKFILL] When EMM386 is configured to provide upper memory blocks (by the NOEMS or RAM switches), EMM386 will also automatically backfill less than 640K of    conventional memory to bring total conventional memory up to 640K. However, because Windows does not support backfilled conventional memory, use the NOBACKFILL switch if your computer has less than 640 KB of    conventional memory.

HIMEM.SYS

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HIMEM is an extended-memory manager--a program that coordinates the use of your computer's extended memory, including the high memory area (HMA), so that no two programs or device drivers use the same memory at the same time. Windows 98 needs Himem.sys to start Windows. If the Config.sys file is not present, Himem.sys loads the file silently. Himem.sys also provides access to upper memory (above 640K).

Install HIMEM by adding a DEVICE command for HIMEM.SYS to your CONFIG.SYS file. The HIMEM.SYS command line must appear before any commands that start programs or device drivers that use extended memory; for example, the Himem.sys command line must come before the EMM386.exe command line.

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]HIMEM.SYS [/A20CONTROL:ON|OFF] [/CPUCLOCK:ON|OFF] [/EISA] [/HMAMIN=m] [/INT15=xxxx] [/MACHINE:xxxx] [/NOABOVE16] [/NOEISA] [/NUMHANDLES=n] [/SHADOWRAM:ON|OFF] [/TESTMEM:ON|OFF] [/VERBOSE] [/X]

In most cases, you won't need to specify command-line options. The default values for Himem.sys are designed to work with most hardware.

Parameter

[drive:][path] Specifies the location of the Himem.sys file. Himem.sys should always be located on the same drive that contains your MS-DOS files. If the Himem.sys file is in the root directory of your startup drive, you don't need to include a path. However, you must always include the complete file name (Himem.sys).

Switches

/A20CONTROL:ON|OFF Specifies whether HIMEM is to take control of the A20 line even if A20 was on when HIMEM was loaded. The A20 handler gives your computer access to the HMA. If    you specify /A20CONTROL:OFF, HIMEM takes control of the A20 line only if A20 was off when HIMEM was loaded. The default setting is /A20CONTROL:ON.

/CPUCLOCK:ON|OFF Specifies whether HIMEM is to affect the clock speed of your computer. If your computer clock speed changes when you install HIMEM, specifying /CPUCLOCK:ON may correct the problem; however, enabling this option slows down HIMEM. The default setting is /CPUCLOCK:OFF.

/EISA Specifies that HIMEM should allocate all available extended memory. This switch is necessary only on an    EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) computer with more than 16 MB of memory; on other computers, HIMEM automatically allocates all available extended memory.

/HMAMIN=m Specifies how many kilobytes of memory a program must require for HIMEM to give that program use of the HMA. Only one program can use the HMA at a time; HIMEM allocates the HMA to the first program that meets the memory-use requirements set by this option. You can specify a value from 0 to 63.

Set /HMAMIN to the amount of memory required by the program that uses the most HMA memory.

The /HMAMIN option is not required; the default value is    0. Omitting this option (or setting it to 0) specifies that HIMEM allocate the HMA to the first program that requests it, regardless of the amount of the HMA the program is going to use.

The /HMAMIN option has no effect when Windows is running in    386 Enhanced mode.

/INT15=xxxx Allocates the amount of extended memory (in kilobytes) to    be reserved for the Interrupt 15h interface. Some older programs use the Interrupt 15h interface to allocate extended memory rather than using the XMS (eXtended Memory    Specification) method provided by HIMEM. If you use these programs, you can ensure that enough memory is available to   them by setting xxxx to 64K larger than the amount required by the program.

You can specify a value from 64 to 65535; however, you cannot specify more memory than your system has available. If you specify a value less than 64, the value becomes 0. The default value is 0.

/MACHINE:xxxx Specifies what type of computer you are using. Usually, HIMEM can detect your computer type successfully; however, there are a few computers that HIMEM cannot detect. On    such systems, HIMEM uses the default system type (IBM AT     or compatible). Include the /MACHINE option if your computer is a type that HIMEM cannot detect or if HIMEM does not work correctly on your system when you specify the default system type.

Currently, systems that require this option include Acer 1100, Wyse, and IBM 7552.

The value for xxxx can be any of the codes or their equivalent numbers listed in the following table.

Code        Number  Computer type -

at          1       IBM AT or 100% compatible

ps2         2       IBM PS/2

ptlcascade  3       Phoenix Cascade BIOS

hpvectra    4       HP Vectra (A & A+)

att6300plus 5       AT&T 6300 Plus

acer1100    6       Acer 1100

toshiba     7       Toshiba 1600 & 1200XE

wyse        8       Wyse 12.5 Mhz 286

tulip       9       Tulip SX

zenith      10      Zenith ZBIOS

at1         11      IBM PC/AT (alternative delay)

at2         12      IBM PC/AT (alternative delay)

css         12      CSS Labs

at3         13      IBM PC/AT (alternative delay)

philips     13      Philips

fasthp      14      HP Vectra

ibm7552     15      IBM 7552 Industrial Computer

bullmicral  16      Bull Micral 60

dell        17      Dell XBIOS

/NOABOVE16 Specifies not to use INT 15h (ax==E801h) Compaq Bigmem support to scan for extended memory.

/NOEISA Specifies that HIMEM should not do EISA scanning for extended memory.

/NUMHANDLES=n Specifies the maximum number of extended-memory-block (EMB) handles that can be used simultaneously. You can specify a    value from 1 to 128; the default value is 32. Each additional handle requires an additional 6 bytes of memory.

The /NUMHANDLES option has no effect when Windows is running in 386 Enhanced mode.

/SHADOWRAM:ON|OFF Specifies whether to disable shadow RAM (SHADOWRAM:OFF) or    to leave the ROM code running from RAM (SHADOWRAM:ON).

Some computers make ROM code run faster by "shadowing" it    in RAM--that is, by, at startup, copying the ROM code into faster RAM memory, which uses some extended memory. On    computers that use shadow RAM and have less than 2 MB of     RAM, HIMEM usually attempts to disable shadow RAM to     recover additional extended memory for Windows to use. HIMEM can disable shadow RAM only on certain types of    systems. When HIMEM disables shadow RAM, the ROM code runs in the slower ROM instead of in RAM; therefore, your computer might run slightly slower than it did before.

/TESTMEM:ON|OFF Determines whether HIMEM performs a memory test when your computer starts. By default, HIMEM tests the reliability of your computer's extended memory each time your computer starts. This test can identify memory that is no longer reliable, and unreliable memory can cause system instability or loss of data. HIMEM's memory test is more thorough than the standard power-up memory test performed by most computers. To prevent HIMEM from performing the memory test, specify /TESTMEM:OFF. Disabling the memory test will shorten the startup process. The default setting is /TESTMEM:ON.

/VERBOSE Directs HIMEM to display status and error messages while it is loading. By default, HIMEM does not display any messages unless it encounters an error. You can abbreviate /VERBOSE as /V. (To display status messages without adding    the /VERBOSE switch, press and hold the ALT key while HIMEM     starts and loads.)

/X Specifies not to use INT 15h (ax==E820h), the latest extended memory support API.

RAMDRIVE.SYS

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Uses part of your computer's random-access memory (RAM) to simulate a hard disk drive. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your Config.sys file.

RAM drives are much faster than hard disk drives because your computer can read information faster from memory than from a hard disk. A RAM drive appears to be a normal hard disk drive; you can use it just as you would any hard disk drive. The most important difference between a real disk drive and a RAM drive is that because it exists only in memory, information on a RAM drive is lost when you turn off or restart your computer.

You can set up as many RAM drives as you want, up to the amount of memory your computer has. To do this, add one Ramdrive.sys line to your Config.sys file for each additional RAM drive you want.

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]RAMDRIVE.SYS [DiskSize SectorSize [NumEntries]]] [/E | /A]

Parameters

[drive:][path] Specifies the location of the RAMDRIVE.SYS file.

DiskSize Specifies how many kilobytes of memory you want to use for the RAM drive. For example, to create a 640K RAM drive, specify 640. If you don't specify an amount, RAMDrive will create a 64K RAM drive. You can specify a value from 4 to 32767. However, you cannot specify more memory than your system has available.

SectorSize Specifies the disk sector size in bytes. The size can be    128, 256, or 512 bytes. (If you include a SectorSize value,    you must also include a value for DiskSize.)

Generally, you should use the default sector size of 512 bytes.

NumEntries Limits the number of files and directories you can create in the RAM drive's root directory. The limit can be from 2 to 1024 entries; the limit you specify is rounded up to the nearest sector size boundary. If you do not specify a limit, you can create up to 64 entries in the RAM drive's root directory. (If you include a value for    NumEntries, you must also include values for DiskSize     and SectorSize.)

If there is not enough memory to create the RAM drive as    specified, RAMDrive tries to create it with a limit of 16 directory entries. This may result in a RAM drive with a    different limit from the one you specified.

Switches

/E Creates the RAM drive in extended memory.

For RAMDrive to use extended memory, your system must be    configured so that it provides extended memory, and a DEVICE command for the extended-memory manager (such as Himem.sys) must appear in your Config.sys file before the DEVICE command for Ramdrive.sys. It is best to create a RAM drive in extended memory if your system has extended memory.

/A Creates the RAM drive in expanded memory.

For RAMDrive to use expanded memory, your system must be    configured so that it provides expanded memory, and the DEVICE command for the expanded-memory manager (such as    EMM386, 386MAX, CEMM, or QEMM) must appear in your Config.sys file before DEVICE command for Ramdrive.sys.

SETVER.EXE

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Loads the MS-DOS version table into memory. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your Config.sys file.

SETVER.EXE loads into memory the MS-DOS version table, which lists names of programs and the number of the MS-DOS version with which each program is designed to run.

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]SETVER.EXE

Parameters

[drive:][path] Specifies the location of the Setver.exe file.

