Microsoft KB Archive/98793

= ACC: Compound Indexes Must Restrict First Indexed Field =

Article ID: 98793

Article Last Modified on 1/18/2007

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APPLIES TO


 * Microsoft Access 1.0 Standard Edition
 * Microsoft Access 1.1 Standard Edition
 * Microsoft Access 2.0 Standard Edition
 * Microsoft Access 95 Standard Edition
 * Microsoft Access 97 Standard Edition

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This article was previously published under Q98793



Advanced: Requires expert coding, interoperability, and multiuser skills.



SUMMARY
Before an index can be used, queries with restrictions on multiple-field (compound) indexes must restrict at least the first field of the index. You can, however, also use adjacent fields in the index (up to 10 fields). If the restriction is placed on a field other than the first field, the query optimizer scans the table rather than using the index. This is not always desirable because table scans are slower than index searches for most queries.



MORE INFORMATION
By default, when a compound index is created in Microsoft Access, no individual indexes are assigned to the fields included in the compound index. This behavior is by design.

For the query optimizer to use an index, you must use a comparison of either the first field in the compound index or the first field and any number of adjacent fields (up to 10) that make up the compound index. You must query the indexed fields in the order they appear in the Indexes window, beginning with the first indexed field and continuing with adjacent fields.

NOTE: This principle also applies to using criteria with the Find method in Visual Basic for Applications (or Access Basic in Microsoft Access 2.0 or earlier).

For example, consider a table (T1) containing three fields: key_part1, key_part2, and key_part3. If there is a composite index created on these three fields and all fields are the primary key, then:

  SELECT * FROM T1 WHERE key_part2 =

does not use the index because the first field, key_part1, is not used.

  SELECT * FROM T1 WHERE key_part1 = AND key_part3 =

also does not use the index, because, although key_part1 is referred to, key_part1 and key_part3 are not adjacent fields.

However, each of the following three SQL statements do use the index because they each include the first field, or the first field and one or more adjacent fields of the composite index:

 SELECT * FROM T1 WHERE key_part1 =  SELECT * FROM T1 WHERE key_part1 = AND key_part2 =  SELECT * FROM T1 WHERE key_part1 = AND key_part2 = AND key_part3 = 

The above fields are not prohibited from having indexes on them; individual indexes can be built for each field, allowing comparisons on those fields with index searches. Be aware, however, that indexes can take up as much (or more) space than the data.

